Complex Business Case Study Of Designing A PowerPoint Presentation

Question: Talk about the Complex Business Case Study Of Designing A PowerPoint Presentation. Answer: Reflection In the class, we were given an errand of planning a PowerPoint introduction dependent on a business case. A perplexing business contextual investigation was appointed to each gathering having three colleagues. The group was required to tackle the business case with the use of fitting hypothetical structures and business technique hypotheses. The business case involves testing business difficulty, which requires the use of a few hypotheses for the arrangement (Kuhnke, 2013). We were three gathering individuals. Each gathering part was relegated a difficult business case, and they need to fathom the business case and structure an introduction in the specified time. We partitioned the assignment between us. I comprehended the business case; second colleague planned the introduction and third colleague gave the introduction. Unraveling the business case was trying, as it required the use of a few distinct hypotheses. Notwithstanding, the quality of my work was that it was all around examined. Before comprehending the business case, I found out pretty much all the hypotheses and business the executives structure. I read different models, wherein there was answer for a few continuous contextual analyses. I additionally examined distinctive contextual investigations from web sources. Alongside it, we additionally worked altogether for the PowerPoint introduction structure. We put forth a few attempts to structure an alluring and noteworthy Presentation for the crowd. We understood that the errand is an essential stage in finding out about the structure of introductions. The PowerPoint introductions are significant in business correspondence as they are generally utilized in conveying a proper message to the colleagues. They are a significant part of the administration considers and; thusly, a basic piece of the educational program. In this way, the undertaking was considered as a chance to learn and apply correspondence and basic reasoning abilities. The quality of the work is structure, which was altered according to the subject of the conversation. A specific structure was made of the introduction, which incorporated a presentation, fundamental body, and end. The list of chapters was likewise remembered for the introduction with the goal that a sensible structure can be produced for the introduction. Be that as it may, there were as yet a couple of slip-ups in the introduction. I accept that the reaction to the appraisal could have been improved, if the evaluation could have been submitted to the marker for audit reason before the last accommodation. In the wake of giving the introduction, we understood that a lot of substance is remembered for a couple of slides. We understood that the introduction could have been made appealing by including figures and realities. It could have been changed on the off chance that we have asked our seniors and mentors to audit the record. We understood that on the off chance that we three have worked together for each piece of the task, we could have planned it better. There were a couple of difficulties looked in planning the undertaking. The coordination between the colleagues was bad. One of the colleagues, was in every case late and couldn't fulfill time constraints or convey the undertaking on schedule. It made disappointment among different individuals. Other than dependability and fulfilling the time constraints is likewise urgent in collaboration. There were a few issues in the introduction because of the earnestness. It will affect on the general assessment and the stamping plan (McKay, Davis Fanning, 2009). Working and teaming up in a group is a difficult errand. At the point when an enormous number of individuals cooperate, they are countless clashes. An individual needs to figure out how to function in a group so as to lead a fruitful expert life. The experience has changed my comprehension of the subject (Vangelisti, 2016). I have built up my basic reasoning aptitudes and learning capacities. I have additionally discovered that it is i mperative to plan previously, before giving an introduction. My general experience was pleasant, and I discovered that an individual can accomplish greatness with training. References Kuhnke, E. (2013). Relational abilities for fakers (first ed.). Chichester: Wiley. McKay, M., Davis, M., Fanning, P. (2009). Messages: The Communication Skills Book (first ed.). Oakland, Calif.: New Harbinger Publications. Vangelisti, A.L., (2016). On the significance of correspondence research.Communication Education,65(4), pp.501-504.

Imperial Crusades Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Royal Crusades - Essay Example Rather, following the ascent of patriotism in theâ nineteenthâ century, government offers ascend to a battle between contending empires (German Empire, British Empire and Imperial Russia). Today the term is utilized comprehensively to allude to any reportâ dominationâ established by a country or a nation or different nations. Supreme campaigns allude to present day wars which occurred among Muslim and Christian states. Unmistakable wars which are named as majestic campaigns are the war in Iraq, Afghanistan and Yugoslavia (Cockburn and Clair, 2004). These three wars influenced a large number of individuals worldwide and their financial expenses were immense. The paper looks into the causes and effects of the imperialistic wars of Afghanistan and Iraq. The two wars are named as imperialistic on the grounds that they are seen as a US configuration to deal with worldwide assets. The paper examines likenesses and contrasts between these two wars to increase important bits of kno wledge. Conversation To thoroughly analyze the two wars named as imperialistic wars of US †Afghanistan War and Iraq War, it is fundamental to assess the key realities of the two wars. Iraq War The Iraq war started in March 2003 with the attack of Iraq. The war was named by the coalitionâ led by the United States as â€Å"Operation Iraqi Freedomâ against the Baath Party of Saddam Husseinâ and finished in December 2011 with the withdrawal of the last U.S. troops. The attack prompted the quick annihilation of the Iraqi armed force, the catch and execution of Saddam Hussein and the foundation of another government. President George W. Bush formally proclaimed the finish of the fightingâ on Mayâ 2003, under the banner ‘Mission Accomplished’ (Israeli, 2004). However, savagery against alliance powers quickly prompted anâ asymmetrical warâ involving a few gatherings of radicals, state army, individuals from Al Qaeda, the U.S. military pow ers and the new Iraqi government.â Iraq Body Count, which puts together its examination with respect to information distributed in the media, assesses that 114,731 Iraqi regular citizens have kicked the bucket in the savagery, for the most part made out of assaults, and at any rate 250,000 Iraqi regular citizens were injured (Murray and Scales, 2003). The war prompted the exodusâ of 2,000,000 Iraqis fled abroad basically to Syria Syria and Jordan but likewise to Europe and United States.â War in Afghanistan The Afghan Warâ to the military uprising of the United Statesâ along with alliance powers and with the military commitment of the Northern Alliance againstâ the Taliban system in Afghanistan. This war was a piece of the  war against terrorism† pronounced by the Bush administrationâ following theâ attacks of September 11, 2001 in New York and Washington (Fiscus, 2004). The motivation behind the attack as indicated by the United States and its partners was to capture Osama canister Laden, annihilate the organization Al Qaedaâ which purportedly had bases in theâ country with the help of the Taliban. Theâ initial attackâ drove Taliban out of intensity, permitting the foundation

Tips for Choosing a University

Tips for Choosing a University Tips For Carefully Choosing a University Tips For Carefully Choosing a University Whether you are currently, or soon to be in the process of selecting a postsecondary institution for the first time, or are already at one and are looking to take your studies elsewhere, choosing a university is not something to take lightly and should be carefully planned and thought out. This is a place where you will, presumably, be spending the next four years (at least) of your life. It is where you are going to be spending a tremendous amount of your (or someone else’s) money. The decision is likely going to be a life altering one, in ways that you have not, perhaps even cannot yet imagine. Taking the time to carefully evaluate your options is something you owe both present and future ‘you’. Below are some tips for choosing a university, so that you get the most out of your postsecondary experience. Choosing a university means looking at the rankings A study released by the website The Student Room in 2017 found that 1 in 5 university students regretted their choice of school. Twenty percent of university students feeling unsatisfied with the school they chose to study at is an alarmingly high number. It is also understandable. Most undergraduate students enter university at a time in their lives when they are, at best, not really sure what they want out of life, and more often than not, completely ignorant of the possibilities. Thankfully, for those willing to put a little effort in, there are a multitude of university ranking websites and organizations out there which put a lot of time into analyzing schools and curating lists based on certain factors often giving schools overall aggregate rankings. Take some time to peruse these sites while you are making your shortlist of schools. This brings us to our next tip: make a short list. Don’t put all of your eggs in one basket Many students, including current, new, and soon-to-be, make the mistake of selecting too few schools they are willing to study at. Often times schools are chosen because it’s where a close friend, or friends are studying, or it’s where a girlfriend or boyfriend is attending. The worst possible reason for choosing a school has to be its reputation as a “party school.” If you do anything, don’t choose a school because of the nightlife. All schools will end up having fun nightlife; it’s inevitable when so many young people get together. If you are deciding where to study and spend a very large amount of money, it is absolutely vital that you go through the shortlisting process. This means evaluating several schools you would like to study at (and, importantly, know you can get into) and coming up with an evaluation system that lets you narrow down your top ‘X’ number. You should take the time to submit careful applications to all those schools. The biggest mistake you can make is to either take whatever you can get (if you don’t have to), or hope you get into the one or two schools you chose. Look at the course content Choosing a university and deciding on the courses you want to enroll in go hand in hand. At the undergraduate level, who is teaching the course and the course material they have chosen for their syllabus is not as important as it is as the graduate level (though it can still totally make or break a course), but it is important to ask yourself if you really want to study at a given school. If you already have a general idea of the courses you wish to take, then all you have to do is look at the course description and review what the professor plans to teach. Spend some time reviewing both the course material and the professor themselves. Do some background research into both the person and the material. Do both seem interesting and compelling? Is this a course you are going to enjoy taking? Universities offer a wide variety of different courses, and employ different people, with different styles and objectives. Knowing more about those people and objectives will help you select the school with the courses that most appeal to you. When you do finally decide where you want to apply, there are services out there to help you polish and perfect your admission essays and application letters. Cost of living One of the unfortunate realities of postsecondary education is that many of the factors which either allow or prohibit you from studying at a given institution are out of your control. If you don’t have the good fortune to come from a family that is able to pay for your education, you are going to have to consider loans or working while studying (or both), as well as what you can afford. You might end up getting an offer from the best school, in the biggest, most expensive city in the country, and have to turn it down because living there is simply too costly. One of the most important things to keep in mind when choosing a university is how much financial hardship the decision is going to impose upon you. Take a city like Vancouver, Toronto, New York, or Sydney. All contain highly esteemed postsecondary institutions. All are some of the most desirable cities to live in in the entire world, but all require a large amount of money to complete a 4-year degree in. Almost twenty percent of students turn down offers from top schools every year because of financial reasons. It is not always an imprudent thing to do. University, at the end of the day, is an investment like any other, and should be evaluated just as shrewdly. Knowing where and what you want to study involves a lot of thoughtful, often painful deliberation and soul searching. Choosing a university can be stressful, and applying even more so, so get in touch with Homework Help Global and have a professional writer help you plan and execute your application process. References: Seltzer, R. (2017). “Turning down top choices.” Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from: study-shows-how-price-sensitive-students-are-selecting-colleges Yorke, H. (2017). “One in five students regret their choice of university, study shows.” The Telegraph. Retrieved from: Tips for Choosing a University Tips For Carefully Choosing a University Tips For Carefully Choosing a University Whether you are currently, or soon to be in the process of selecting a postsecondary institution for the first time, or are already at one and are looking to take your studies elsewhere, choosing a university is not something to take lightly and should be carefully planned and thought out. This is a place where you will, presumably, be spending the next four years (at least) of your life. It is where you are going to be spending a tremendous amount of your (or someone else’s) money. The decision is likely going to be a life altering one, in ways that you have not, perhaps even cannot yet imagine. Taking the time to carefully evaluate your options is something you owe both present and future ‘you’. Below are some tips for choosing a university, so that you get the most out of your postsecondary experience. Choosing a university means looking at the rankings A study released by the website The Student Room in 2017 found that 1 in 5 university students regretted their choice of school. Twenty percent of university students feeling unsatisfied with the school they chose to study at is an alarmingly high number. It is also understandable. Most undergraduate students enter university at a time in their lives when they are, at best, not really sure what they want out of life, and more often than not, completely ignorant of the possibilities. Thankfully, for those willing to put a little effort in, there are a multitude of university ranking websites and organizations out there which put a lot of time into analyzing schools and curating lists based on certain factors often giving schools overall aggregate rankings. Take some time to peruse these sites while you are making your shortlist of schools. This brings us to our next tip: make a short list. Don’t put all of your eggs in one basket Many students, including current, new, and soon-to-be, make the mistake of selecting too few schools they are willing to study at. Often times schools are chosen because it’s where a close friend, or friends are studying, or it’s where a girlfriend or boyfriend is attending. The worst possible reason for choosing a school has to be its reputation as a “party school.” If you do anything, don’t choose a school because of the nightlife. All schools will end up having fun nightlife; it’s inevitable when so many young people get together. If you are deciding where to study and spend a very large amount of money, it is absolutely vital that you go through the shortlisting process. This means evaluating several schools you would like to study at (and, importantly, know you can get into) and coming up with an evaluation system that lets you narrow down your top ‘X’ number. You should take the time to submit careful applications to all those schools. The biggest mistake you can make is to either take whatever you can get (if you don’t have to), or hope you get into the one or two schools you chose. Look at the course content Choosing a university and deciding on the courses you want to enroll in go hand in hand. At the undergraduate level, who is teaching the course and the course material they have chosen for their syllabus is not as important as it is as the graduate level (though it can still totally make or break a course), but it is important to ask yourself if you really want to study at a given school. If you already have a general idea of the courses you wish to take, then all you have to do is look at the course description and review what the professor plans to teach. Spend some time reviewing both the course material and the professor themselves. Do some background research into both the person and the material. Do both seem interesting and compelling? Is this a course you are going to enjoy taking? Universities offer a wide variety of different courses, and employ different people, with different styles and objectives. Knowing more about those people and objectives will help you select the school with the courses that most appeal to you. When you do finally decide where you want to apply, there are services out there to help you polish and perfect your admission essays and application letters. Cost of living One of the unfortunate realities of postsecondary education is that many of the factors which either allow or prohibit you from studying at a given institution are out of your control. If you don’t have the good fortune to come from a family that is able to pay for your education, you are going to have to consider loans or working while studying (or both), as well as what you can afford. You might end up getting an offer from the best school, in the biggest, most expensive city in the country, and have to turn it down because living there is simply too costly. One of the most important things to keep in mind when choosing a university is how much financial hardship the decision is going to impose upon you. Take a city like Vancouver, Toronto, New York, or Sydney. All contain highly esteemed postsecondary institutions. All are some of the most desirable cities to live in in the entire world, but all require a large amount of money to complete a 4-year degree in. Almost twenty percent of students turn down offers from top schools every year because of financial reasons. It is not always an imprudent thing to do. University, at the end of the day, is an investment like any other, and should be evaluated just as shrewdly. Knowing where and what you want to study involves a lot of thoughtful, often painful deliberation and soul searching. Choosing a university can be stressful, and applying even more so, so get in touch with Homework Help Global and have a professional writer help you plan and execute your application process. References: Seltzer, R. (2017). “Turning down top choices.” Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from: study-shows-how-price-sensitive-students-are-selecting-colleges Yorke, H. (2017). “One in five students regret their choice of university, study shows.” The Telegraph. Retrieved from:

Why We Need Act On Gun Control - 1646 Words

Why We Need to Act on Gun Control On July 20th, 2012, at the screening of the film The Dark knight Rise, a armed man walked into the theater and shot at the audience with multiple weapon, which caused the result of 12 people died, 70 others injured; On January 8th, 2011, a 22 years old young man assaulted the American senator Gabrielle Giffords and other 18 people with a pistol. As a result, six bystanders died including a girl only 9 years old; On April 16th, 2007, a student in Virginia took away 32 people’s life (including himself) with two pistols (Global Shooting). As can be seen, these are massacres happened within last 5 years, and obviously, these tragedies are all indicate a issue need to be discussed: gun control. Gun control†¦show more content†¦According to conservative radio host Alex Jones: â€Å"America was born on guns and whiskey.† In spite of this might be true, however, the primitive, unenlightened culture should always be forbidden with the p ace of time. Once before, slavery was a part of American culture. The slaves irrigated the soil with their sweat, built the railway around the country with their hands and grew the crop which raised American. In other words, America was born on slavery. In this case, the president Abraham Lincoln abolished the slavery in 1867; There was an age which is that dictators rule the world. However, people kicked the dictators out of history stage, we prefer democracy instead; Within a hundred years ago, women were considered lower status than man. Sexism was global wide. In reality, we treat gender with bias no longer now. All these tradition which were considered â€Å"cultures† are no longer exist. Do we really need to reserve the deadly weapon like gun as a part of our culture? Also, another factor that opposes the gun control in the US is the second amendment in the constitution. The purpose of second amendment was to prevent the tyrant government and invaders. According to Noah Webster, a Federalist, â€Å"The supreme power in America cannot enforce unjust laws by the sword; because the whole body of people are armed

Essay on Why Is Bullying a Social Issue - 662 Words

Why is playground bullying a social issue? There are many social issues that need to be addressed, but playground bullying in one way or another has affected everybody. Bullying is classified as â€Å"aggressive behaviour where a dominant individual or group abuses their greater power by threatening a less dominant individual† (Maher, 2008). Bullying usually has a large impact on how a person perceives and presents themselves in society. The majority of bullying happens on the playground when there is minimal supervision and surveillance which not only means that there is more bullying but the bullying is much worse, it is more likely to be physical, vicious and continuous. The main issues associated with bullying are self-harm, poor mental†¦show more content†¦Instead the victims turn their hostile attention towards another child who is more vulnerable than themselves. The victim then finds themselves in further trouble in school, not only with bullies but also teach ers. Not surprisingly this leads to a student avoiding school all together. A child’s aversion to going to school and meeting the bullies is sometimes so strong that the parents are virtually forced to try another school to get a ‘new start’. Playground bullying also causes isolation among students. Many children say they would not be friends with a ‘wimp’ (Rigby, 1996); therefore children who are frequently bullied tend to have few friends. It is sometimes difficult to separate cause from effect. Children may be bullied because they have no friends, for it makes them easy targets. It may also seem to some that their isolation is evidence of their suitability for bullying. But once the bullying has occurred, the isolation deepens, and the victim may feel so depressed as to make little or no effort to make friends. There are also several reactions to be noticed among bystanders who live in a community in which individuals are being continually abused or harassed by their peers. Some are amused; some are sad and anxious, feeling that it may be their turn next. Some are angry; some feel ashamed or guilty for doing nothing, some simplyShow MoreRelatedThe Prevention of Cyberbullying627 Words   |  3 PagesInternet, bullying persists with new forms and faces. Bullies can hide behind anonymous user profiles online, creating an environment in which young victims have no direct resources. Effective methods of controlling the problem of cyber bullying are necessary to prevent problems such as suicide. One student in Iowa committed suicide after bullies at his school posted that the student was gay on Facebook; as a result of this and related suicides, the state of Iowa is redefining what cyber bullying is inRead MoreThe Effect Of Teen Bullying Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Teen Bullying Bullying is defined as a superior strength or influence to intimidate someone, typically to force him or her to do what they want. Teenage bullying is a serious problem in school and it is not always physical. There are several types of bullying including physical, verbal ,emotional, covert and cyberbullying. Physical bullying can include fighting, hitting, kicking, etc. while emotional bullying can include gossiping or leaving someone else out on purpose(Bullying Info and FactsRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Children s Learning And Development Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bullying in Australian primary schools has become an epidemic, having a negative effect on children’s learning and development (Lodge, 2014). Therefore, it is crucial that schools and teachers are aware, understand and educated on how bullying can impact children’s learning and development; to be able to effectively implement policies, respond, educate and eliminate bullying in the school environment. The purpose of this report is to highlight how bullying is a growing issue that affectsRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying1030 Words   |  5 PagesKassandra Barragan Ms. Filar English 4/ Per: 1 9 May 2017 Bullying While doing research on bullying, I found studies on subject like cyber bullying, physical bullying, and verbal bullying. Bullying is a big problem now and has been in our society for some time. What is disturbing is that school is supposed to be a place where students learn and try to get away from outside problems but sadly some see it as a battlefield or place of survival. According to Webster s Dictionary, a bully is someoneRead MoreBullying : A Social Issue1284 Words   |  6 PagesBULLYING: A SOCIAL ISSUE 2 Abstract Bullying is an issue that has been overlooked for many years because of students being frightened to tell that they are being bullied. Many teachers, administrators, and school counselors underestimate the amount of bullying that takes place within schools. The behavior of bullying has impacted so many students’ lives to the point of causing a student to want to cause harm to his or her self or others. Many students that bully threaten theirRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effect On Society1139 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is an escalated issue that has become an epidemic, it happens in schools, on line, in between genders and can literally occur anywhere. Bullying is the act of aggressive behavior in which intimidation and/or physical harming towards another person is involved. It causes an imbalance in which the stronger person or group attacks the weaker and initiates repeated mistreatment towards the same victim over an extended period of time. In a situation where ins ults escalate and bullying arisesRead MoreBullying Is A Worldwide Problem894 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is a worldwide problem that has been going on for years whether in schools or online. Based off a power point by Laura Rizzardini, bullying is when someone â€Å"purposely causes harm†¦includes social exclusion, and the bully has more power than the victim.† There could many different logics to why bullies bully. Some reasons may include: it is a way to get attention, fit in with a certain group of people, or even that is the way they are treated at home so they do not know that it is not acceptableRead MoreBullying Effects900 Words   |  4 PagesCauses and Effects of Bullying Every year, approximately 7 percent of students report to being bullied (â€Å"Physical†). Most people know bullying is wrong, but it continues to play a dominating role in the lives of adolescents. Whether the bullying was done by spreading rumors, calling someone names or through the Internet, there are many different causes of bullying, why it occurs, and how it effects the victim. The causes of bullying can influence how the bully decides to target a victim. VictimsRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Children s Learning And Development Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pages2. Findings Bullying in Australian primary schools is a current issue affecting children’s learning and development (Ladd et al., 2012) The impact of bullying and how it effects children’s learning and development is based on the findings discussed below; bullying, types of bullying, factors contributing to bullying and the potential effects of bullying in relation to children’s learning and development in the primary school setting. 2.1 Bullying As stated by Bullying. No Way! (2016) and Rigby (2011)Read MoreThe Common Types Of Bullying864 Words   |  4 Pageshave several issue in our society today. Bullying is a big problem, mainly in kids and teens. Bullies need to learn to â€Å"love one another’, and for the bully not put all their anger on another because of certain situation are not going right. This issue is stressing our society and possibly reshaping our future. There are four common types of bullying. All these types can be spotted in many different places and ways. According to ERASEBULLYING.com, the types of bullying are physical,

Leadership in the New Millenium Free Essays

string(46) " people to perform or react in a certain way\." Chapter 1: Moral Leadership in America This Chapter talks about the absolute need for moral leadership in America. We live in a very unstable time. Our society is very fragile. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership in the New Millenium or any similar topic only for you Order Now Perhaps no other time in our history is there a great need for great leadership, not just based on their ability but their moral compass. They have to lead with creditability and they have to be visionaries that can lead people into the right path to better their conditions. Without the right morality they won’t be able to get people to work together. Chapter 2: The loss of Character This chapter talks about leadership in relationship o having character or not having character. Be we just a plain individual, leader in our society or a part there of. We have to carry ourselves in an exemplary manner because people are always watching us, whether we realize it or not. The higher position you are in authority or stature the more scrutiny you are under. With technology and electronic media being so easily accessible it often times leads to people being looked at poorly for one reason or another. A lot of times it is done purposefully by the media for the sake of making money. The author makes a special point to note that this loss of character is prevalent in all walks of society such as religion, politics, and business being the most prominent of these. Chapter 3: A life of Morality This chapter speaks about leadership and morality and how as a people of society and the society at large all have the capability of being moral or immoral regardless of their status in life, their wealth, power, position, or education. In many cases, the chapter concludes, that often times the moral fabric of any group be it government or business often times reflects the morality or immorality of its leaders. Classic point that was given was the melt down of our financial system here in the United States. This was considered due in large part to the moral absence in the corporate banking system leadership. Much of this premise is to be considered in selecting team members and having people with common ideology when it comes to team work. Chapter 4: Yielding to Temptation This chapter talks about yielding from temptation. It talks about not so much the thought but acting upon temptations. When one yields to temptations they can fall so far from grace that it almost makes life unbearable. Temptation crosses all sectors of society; money, power, sex. Its interesting because the writer makes a point that its almost mans nature to want to control things, in his/her job, husband over wife or vice versa etc. man even tries to control nature in the universe at times. He goes on to point out that the hardest thing in nature for man to control seems to be he him self. Often times power such as in government or big business makes people feel almost invincible and unaccountable for their actions. But history has proven time and time again that not to be the case because often time they lose more that position but stature and reputation. Chapter 5: The Duty of Responsibility This chapter talks about moral responsibility. How it is virtually impossible to separate morality from responsibility because one is so closely related to the other. He suggests that the negative political and financial state our country is in today is due a lot to the fact that out leaders have ignored this very important point, were too naive or just plain arrogant. He says â€Å"The bedrock of moral responsibility is an ethical behavior of the leader and his or her adherence to the standards of right conduct. He speaks of businesses at large lacking moral responsibility and caring more about the bottom line instead of what is termed â€Å"the triple bottom line,† which entails the good of all including share holders, employees, customers, suppliers, the community, the environment and the owners of the company themselves. By taking into moral account and responsibility all of these factors will tend to make the business that much more competitive. Leaders have responsibility to lead not just in the corporate by laws but also in common decency and ethicalness. The leader and his or her subordinate have a psychological contract where by the subordinate has an unwritten understanding with the leader that he is going to led in a responsible manner. Leaders take responsibility for things that go wrong and hold themselves responsible for corrective change. All this leadership should be done with transparency and all times they should be trustworthy. This is why they are called leaders because they should be able to live up to the expectancy for which they are charged. Chapter 6: The Facade of Power This chapter talks about leadership and power. Some leaders use power as a tool for the betterment of the group at large while others use it for merely selfish reasons. Good power, which is kept in check, normally leads to success of an organization while the opposite can lead to organization demise. Power is mostly defined as an instrument to get others to do what the might not have done on their own without the influence of the leader. There are different types of leadership styles. Some use intimidation some use bribery, and while others use their attraction. It also speaks about hard power and soft power. Hard power is when people use coercion, intimidation, sanctions in its sort to get people to do what the want them to do. Often times these leaders use fear and fell that they are in complete control. All its subordinates feel they have little or no recourse. Soft power is considered the more rational approach. It is called sometimes â€Å"the second form of power. † People use more tactical and persuasiveness to get people to perform or react in a certain way. You read "Leadership in the New Millenium" in category "Papers" Much like a husband might to do a wife, where it is more subtle. These leaders tend to lead more by example than by command. One might say that hard power has little accountability compared to soft power which is based largely on credibility. Chapter 7: The Pitfalls of Arrogance This chapter talks about arrogance and its pitfalls. Arrogance can be summed up as one who might think too much of himself and too little of others. This sentiment when combined with power can be overbearing at best and often times can leads to a person’s demise. There is a distinct difference yet subtle between arrogance and self confidence; the latter being good. One can have confidence in himself, which is good, but not to the point of vanity. Often times leaders who are arrogant can not relate nor do they want to relate sometimes to the feelings or opinions of the subordinates. They have too little respect for the opinions of others. Sometimes arrogance leads to micro-managing which will weaken their leadership. He gives illustrations of how arrogance brought down certain people in society such as Sam Waksal, President Bill Clinton, former governor Elliot Spitzer, and New Jersey governor Jim Mcgereevy, just to name a few. All these men were considered arrogant in the way in which they went about their business; almost with a veil of invincibility. Their thoughts and actions lead to their downfall. Chapter 8: An Ounce of Humility Humility is called â€Å"a necessity for success. † Humility is the antithesis of arrogance. And by a virtue of its design will bring more good outcomes and success. So where arrogance leads to downfall, humility leads to growth. The act of humbleness dictates that one does not presume themselves more important than others nor is proud or boastful. He talks about humility in relationship to religion in history. it is the foundation of spiritual growth. Nearly all religions be Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, or Islam, preach that humbleness is extremely important in obtaining the richness of ones own sprit and connection with that eternal realm where one might find peace and salvation. Some cynics of humility were characterized as a sign of weakness or false modesty just so they could feel more â€Å"special and better than others,† the author thinks not. He mentions three distinct leaders who epitomize humility: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Mahatma Gandhi, and Albert Einstein. Another point he makes, in the importance of humility and leadership, is our global military presence around the world dealing with so many vast cultures, almost demands the need for humility and diplomacy because we are dealing with so many different people and ways of life. Today’s business environment, more so than ever, reflects the need for people in leadership to show some humility. The key to leadership is good servitude. The benefits of humility go far beyond one individual or one entity. It affects society at large. Chapter 9: A life of Ethics This chapter addresses ethics. Ethics by some is becoming a thing of the past; in our work places and society at large. All organizations in order to have a meaningful existence have to work with some code of ethics. It determines what we should and should not be. It is hard to legislate ethics because it is not so easily measured in business as other areas of the company or organization such as profit. Often times, competitiveness makes leaders act contrary to hoe they should act. It talks about examples of ethics being absent in our workforce such companies as Enron, World Com, Imcone Systems, Tyco, and the like. This is caused as reactions of these companies brought to great despair and has created an environment in our business culture that recognizes the need for more ethics more so now than ever. He blames the poor economic state of our American economy to the non ethical practices of our leaders. They skirted the law in common business practices. Ethical behavior or the lack there of is mostly influenced by our surroundings, i. . : family, school, church, media or peer groups. Individuals in organizations often reflect the culture environment they are in be it upstanding and ethical. In its practices or the reverse of that, it all falls on the shoulders of the leaders of the organization because so often is they that set the tone for everyone else. It is the responsibility of the leader to make sure that his organization is conducting them self in a prop er manner. One primary way to keep the environment ethical, the leader must make it a point of topic within the group. He feels that ethics is not given much thought or time in the work place, home or school. In many cases, through either ignorance or arrogance leaders allow themselves to remain unethical with little or no fear of consequence. He goes on to say, a lot of times; the practicing or non-practicing of ethics sometimes comes down to simply a matter of choice. People have blatant disregard for doing the right thing. Although ethics and morality like anything else, filters down from the top, it is actually everyone’s responsibility in the group to use moral ethics in their approach to doing business. Chapter 10: The Seven Deadly Sins The seven deadly sins, otherwise known as â€Å"pewslag,† characterized by theologians and scholars the world over as being very influential in existence of mans and his relationship to good and evil. It is an overall thinking that pride, envy, anger, greed, lust, gluttony, and sloth effect all individuals one tine or another and cause us to act contrary to natures, mans, and God’s laws. Mahatma Gandhi recognized that there was an inner violence that mankind dealt with and external violence. The internal violence is things such as hate, anger, jealousy, greed. Gandhi viewed these seven deadly sins as internal violence. These internal violence were the catalyst behind mans external violence. External violence can be described as the physical violent assault on another such as with the use of a weapon of sort. In relationship to leadership, the leaders who showed more self-control and restrain in these areas variably, are the ones who survive and prosper. They recognize that the spiritual world and the physical world are intertwined and ultimately â€Å"we destroy ourselves because of the baggage of sins that we walk around with. The writer also, in the end of this chapter, suggests we rid ourselves of this load and â€Å"travel light. † Chapter 11: The Necessity of Teamwork The old saying â€Å"no man is an island† is very accurately describes this section. Solid teamwork is the groups’ aspiration to reach when their goal is to be great. Teamwork incorporates all the talents and skills of individuals toward one or more common objectives. Teamwork is also considered a form of energy that is created by the workings of the individuals, as one in sharing ideas and information which culminate into constructive jobs, duties, or functions. The seven deadly sins can creep its ugly head and cause bitterness or conflict within the group. Also, social-cultural and demographic factors can cause a breakdown of solid teamwork. The use of the word, belief of the word and the actions of the word â€Å"we,† particularly when it comes from leadership creates an atmosphere of harmony and togetherness when the goal is for the good of all. Ultimately it is the job of the leader to keep the team running as smooth as possible, not necessarily an easy task at all. Chapter 12: Putting the Team Together It is the leader’s responsibility to carefully pick the members of the team and there are so many different variables to look at to determine who might be good and who might not be. Is it youth vs. age, experience vs. non experience, former educated over experience, past triumphs or failures? Or do we spend more time considering the family background of people, their hobbies, interest, their compassion for one another, carrying for other people, honesty, and integrity, willingness to put themselves last and team first? Will this individual bring harmony to the group; will they bring a sense of well being and togetherness? A leader has to consider the individuals purpose for joining the group. Is it for self gratification or gain, and if so, will this person really more help the group or hinder the group irrespective of the many talents and resources he or she might have to offer? These are all the things and more that a good leader must contemplate before taking on any new team members. Many an organization has been brought down because leaders too hastily recruited team members as opposed to carefully taking their time to consider all the above. Chapter 13: The Decline of Altruism This chapter centers on the decline of altruism. Some people will argue that altruism is a dying breed, while others say it is still prevalent everywhere even in the animal kingdom. Altruism which is ones doing good for another in an unselfish or selflessly manner, is broken down into different categories, namely two parts: reciprocal altruism and universal altruism. The first being almost tit for tat; when one is doing something because it has been done unto them or they expect it to be done unto them in the future. The latter, being unconditional, much like in a sense of Christianity; when one is not looking for anything in return but instead merely doing it because they think it is the humane thing to do. As a consensus by many that neither society, nor any corporate team or entity can survive well without it, it being altruism. There are many different reasons why people are altruistic. Could be a sense of personal responsibility, they think it’s the right thing to do, could be during an emergency or social and cultural values. It could also be the desire to overcome guilt, or it could be because of their exposure to it through school, family, church, and community groups, what have you. Many of the problems today in our society, and the economy at large, might be considered due to the lack of altruism or minimum traits of altruism at best in our modern day leaders who failed to recognize their duty in giving to other selflessly while mitigating their own self righteousness or ego. Chapter 14: The Service of Gratitude The author starts right out by saying â€Å"the primary purpose of human existence is to serve the people of the world. This act of servitude is a very important ingredient in effective leadership. While he is leading he is actually taking on a task of servitude and selflessness. A leadership is considered the custodianship of others well being and overall success. Ultimately a leader must put his self interest secondary to the interest and good of others. Many people serve for the gratuity, what they can get out of it, their own personal agenda. The â€Å"what’s in it for me? † syndrome, but this are not and can not be construed as good leadership. This way of thinking only leads to disruption and potential downfall of any organization if that leader heads. They also suggest that a big part of the reason for the downfall and collapse of our countries economic decline is because lack of service, both physical and otherwise. Our goods and services are being outsourced to other countries and in other cases many of our leaders don’t see their roles as â€Å"being service providers to the people. † These leaders therefore allow corruption to thrive when it should not. The importance of service is to neutralize the have’s and have not’s. It’s the balance between mans nature to overcome and take care of themselves only and those who can not do for themselves. good leader looks at the strengths and weaknesses of the group, the society or the company and tries to balance the scales to make certain that everyone gets their fare shake or piece of the pie. Good service at its best is good service at its most. Chapter 15: Blueprint for Moral Leadership In the beginning of the chapter there is much discussion about the harms and ills that American leaders have brought on our county at large and how the misuse of trust afforded the m by American people lead to one of the greatest economic down turns since the Great Depression. Leaders failed to take responsibility to any and all part that they played in creating and environment of greed and corruption neither in our government nor in our work place. It is their sense at times that only the average persons are to be held accountable for their actions or lack of. Part of the problem in our leadership[ is how we select them . often times its based on their abilities, education, organizational skills, ability to delegate, but rarely are we using a more natural guideline to choose them by, such as their character, which encompasses not only their ability but their moral consciousness. Basically we have to look beyond the structural part of leadership and more at the intangibles such as the spiritualistic side of leadership, the wholesomeness of it and the accountability. It has to be humanistic attributes such as being responsible, modest, courageous, honesty, and the belief in fair play; spiritual qualities such as faith in self and higher power, caring about and consideration for others, self control, devotion and such. These traits along with organizational skills when applied with proper alance form the most greatest of leadership which would ultimately equate to the greatest of success. Theory: Conflict Theory Conflict Theory studies the causes of crime within a society. For the good of the society, standards of morality are imposed by the justice system. Throughout the book the author gives reason to our economic downfall. He put the blame on the leadership in place not making correct moral, ethical and responsible decisions. One example is from chapter 8 wh en he speaks about major companies such as Enron and World Com who have had a major impact on our economic plummet. It also be no worthy to mention he also suggests some fault on the people who put these leaders in place to begin with. Methodology: Bibliography The author did extensive research on each key points in the book. He incorporated some of Sociologies most respected members such as Jon Witt, Richley Crapo and Robin Williams Jr. Through his research he collectively combined the various thoughts into one seamless idea of how America has been affected by poor leadership. He also used his research to find key components of how to be an effective leader by virtue of morality, humility and ethics. Strengths: I. One strength was the simplicity in which it was written. It read very easily and some how kept the same theme throughout. Enjoyable reading. II. Very informative, educational, thought provoking and diverse in its use of different references and subject matter. Weaknesses: I. One weakness might be there seems to be an overly cynical outlook of American leadership at large. II. Another might be, some chapters left you wanting for more. In other words, it is so good while you are reading you want more information on that particular topic. Conclusion: In summation good leadership must always be in harmony with servitude and have little or no tolerance for arrogance. In chapter 8, a good example of arrogance vs. humbleness is a driver who is lost. The arrogant motorist would refuse to stop and get directions and end up miles away from his destination. While the more humble motorist will stop to seek direction and be quickly put on the proper road. A leader who posses most of these characteristics such as humility, altruism, soft power, gratitude, and the like will lead to a life of success in the organization. Particularly when he possesses a moral compass that mandates he use fairness and compassion in his/her approach to leadership. This person would resist any temptation to be greedy, selfish, egotistical, maniacal or harsh. One change for the future, there will be more accountability expected from our leadership. They will be more closely monitored, more checks and balances, much tighter regulations, more overview boards, less bureaucracy, more punitive penalties and laws will be imposed. How to cite Leadership in the New Millenium, Papers

The Ecology Of A Rain Forest Essays - Biology, Ecology, Symbiosis

The Ecology of a Rain Forest In 1980, the estimated amount of rain forests in the world was 40,000 square miles. This number decreases each year by roughly 1,000 square miles due to construction and the resources being used for profit. It is too bad, because the rain forest is one of the most beautiful places on earth. It is the most diverse, containing the most species of living things, much more than anywhere else, and most have yet to be identified. All rain forests are located on earth's "green belt", that is, the area roughly around the equator that covers all the area from Mexico and the northern area of South America, to Africa, to India, stretching out to Indonesia, the northern tip of Australia and all the way to New Guinea. This area is heavily covered with flora and fauna, and it abounds with life. In a rain forest, it is very wet and it rains everyday or every other day very heavily. There is a high and steady level of heat and moisture. There are some general layers to the rain forest. It starts 135 feet up in the air, with the lofty crowns of the tallest trees in the jungle. They take the most light, heat, rain and the most punishment from the winds. Woodpeckers hunt insects in this layer, and also the black and white Colobus monkey can be found here, ready to launch into the air, using his specially developed tail as a rudder to guide his flight. Beneath this is the second layer of trees, whose crowns form a forest canopy. Rain filters through this canopy, and the top sides of the crowns hold a large amount of ferns and other small plants whose roots never touch soil. They live off the water and nutrients held in the small pockets of the leaves and branches. Tree frogs and chimpanzees live here, burrowing holes to live in the vast vegetation. The third layer is called the "understory". This grows beneath the canopy. The gorilla makes this his regular hangout, also pythons lie here waiting for prey. The dim forest floor teems with life. Termites and ants feed on all the decomposing matter on the ground, and elephants make their way down a path of moss. Butterflies move silently by, and the air is still and very humid. These are the layers that make up the rain forest's complex ecology. In the rest of the essay I will describe some of the life forms found in the rain forest, and ways they affect the environment. In the rain forest, plants develop poisonous alkaloids to protect against insects, and insects develop complex digestive chemistry to overcome these poisons. Some of these plant alkaloids give native Indians great poisons for darts, and to cancer researchers hope for a new medicine. The rain forest root systems are so efficient that almost all of the nutrients in decaying plants are recycled into new ones. Most roots are found within three inches of the surface in heavy clay or at the surface in sandy soils. Tiny rootlets grow up and attach themselves to leaves. When the leaf decays, minuscule fungi on the rootlets take over and send threadlike projections into the leaf which absorbs all of the leaf's nutrient material. The phosphorous that the fungi produces is taken by the root, and in turn gives the fungus sugars from the tree. Al! so, termites and ants break down the forest litter. ALAM In a small lake in the middle of the rain forest, a small lizard skims across the water away from dangerous prey and attacks its own victim by surprise, yet another marvel of the tropical rain forest. Mutualism occurs in the jungle with a specialized ant and a swollen-thorn acacia. The acacia provides budlike leaflet tips which are called Beltian bodies, which the ants give to their young for food. The insects hollow out the tree's thorns when soft and green and raise their young inside. The acacia doesn't have chemical defenses to repel dangerous and damaging insects and demands pure sunlight for proper growth. The ants patrol the tree day and night. If any insect lands on the tree,

Essay Sample on Software and Copyrights

Essay Sample on Software and Copyrights Sample essay on Software and Copyrights: Current copyright and patent laws are  inappropriate for computer software; their imposition slows down software development and reduces competition. From the first computer as we know them, the ENIAC, computer software has become more and more important. From thousands of bytes on miles of paper to millions of bytes on a thin piece of tin  foils and witched between two pieces of plastic, software has played an important part in the world. Computers have most likely played an important role in all our lives, from making math easier with calculators, to having money on the go with ATM machines. However, with all the help that has been given to us, we havent done anything for software and the people who write it. Software by nature is completely defenseless, as it is more or less simply intellectual property, and not a physical thing, thus very easily copied. Copied software does not make money for its creators, and thus they charge more for whats not copied, and the whole industry inflates. There are two categories of intellectual property. The first one is composed of writing, music, and  films, which are covered by copyright. Inventions and innovations are covered by patent. These two categories have covered for years many kinds of work with little or no conflict. Unfortunately, it is not that easy when dealing with such a complex matter as computer software. When something is typed on a computer, it is considered writting, as it is all written words and numbers. However, when executed by the computer, it functions like an invention, performing a specific task as instructed by the user. Thus, software falls into both categories (Del Guercio 22-24). It is generally covered today by copyright laws, for most mass market software at least. More advanced software or programming techniques, however, can be patented, as they are neither obvious nor old. This results in many problems which I will go into later. Copyrights last the lifetime of the author, plus 50 years, and can be renewed. Patents last only 17 years, but cannot be renewed. With technology advancing so quickly, it is not necessary to maintain the protection of the software for the length of the copyright, but also, it is sometimes necessary to renew them (Del Guercio 22-24), say, for a 10th sequel in a video game series or version 47.1 of Bobs Graphic Program. With copyrighted material, one is able to write software similiar to someone elses, so long as the programming code is their own, and not borrowed from the others (Del Guercio 22-24). This keeps the industry competitive, and thus results in better software (because everyone is greedy, and they dont want to fall behind). With patents no one is allowed to create software that performs a similar functions. Take AutoCAD and TrueSpace 2, two 3D modeling programs. TrueSpace 2 would be a violation of patent laws, as it performs a very close task to AutoCADs, which came first. Luckily for us, CAD programs are not new, they have been around for more than 10 years, and no one thought to patent them. Thus, you can see the need for change in the system. The current laws regarding the protection of intellectual material cannot adequately protect software, they are either too weak or too strict. We need a new category of protection. The perfect protection law would most likely last for 10 years, renewable. This is long enough to protect a program for as long as it is still useful, and allows for sequels and new versions just in case. It would also have to allow for others to make similar software, keeping the industry competitive, but it would have to not allow copying of portions of other software (because you cant quote something from someone elses software like you can with a book). However, there are many who dispute this, and I can see their point. Current copyright laws have and will protect software effectively, it can be just as protected as other mediums (Cosgrove). This is true sometimes, however, to copy a book would take time. You would have to type up each page to make a copy of it, or at least photocopy or scan each page, and it would most likely take up much more time than its worth. To copy a computer program however, takes seconds. Changing the law would take time and money, you might be saying. It would be a tremendous hassle in Congress to have a new law written just to cover that Information Superhighway thingy. Yes, thats true too, but to not change the laws will cost more. With the ability to patent new and non-obvious software functions comes serious problems. The latest new technology, be it ray-tracing 3D engines, anti-aliasing software, or a new internet exploring fad can be patented. This would mean that only one company and its software could use it. Any other companies that wanted to use the software would have to pay them a large sum of money for the rights. Also, since patent hearings are conducted over a period of 3 years, and in secrecy, company a might create a software package and then apply for a patent, and company b may create better software during that period, and might become quite successful, and then bam, the patent is given to the company a, who prompty sues the pants off company b. T his stagnates the computer industry; it used to be that company a would retaliate by making better software (Del Guercio 22-24). For example, Lotus software. They used to make data organization software. Up until I did this report, I thought they had gone out of business, because I hadnt heard about anything new being done by them. Well, while I was researching, I found the appalling truth. When patenting of software became acceptable in the early 90s, they closed up their RD departments and called in a bunch of lawyers to get them patents on all their programming techniques (Del Guercio 22-24). Ever since then, theyve been selling out the rights as their primarily (and Im willing to bet, only) business. This could even be taken to the extremes of actually patenting simple methods of handling data, such as say, mouse support. Now, it cant happen to mouse support as it is today, but in the future, something  undoubtedly will replace the mouse as the preferred method of input, for instance, in what may be a virtual reality future, the glove might be the input device. Anyway, say it did happen to mouse support. Every single program that uses mouse support would have to pay a fee for the rights to do so. This would result in higher software prices (arent they high enough?), and reduced quality in the programs, as they have to worry about the legalities more (Del Guercio 22-24). Needless to say, the patenting of software is not a widely loved policy, mostly embraced by large corporations like Lotus and Microsoft (Tysver Software Patents). Smaller companies and most often consumers are generally against it. Even with all the legal problems Ive mentioned that arise with current laws, thats not all. The complexity of software protection laws brings up a large degree of confusion. I myself thought that copyrights lasted 7 years until I read this. I asked 15 people in a chat room on the Internet what they knew about software protection laws, and only one of them knew that software could be patented. 12 of them thought that it cost lots of money for a copyright, which it doesnt. Its $20 for a copyright at most, and $10000 at most for a patent. 5 of them thought that software copyrights lasted 7 years (hey, its a popular misconception, I thought so myself at one point). And last but not least, 10 of them believed that there was no laws regarding the copying of software (there are, but theyre virtually ineffective). Now that you know all about the legal and business aspects of software protection, lets take a look at how it can affect you. Say youve got a web page, and youve got a link on your web page to your friend Bobs web page, and hes got a link on his page to JoeS LeeT PiRaCY aND WaReZ, and on that site, there is a link to a pirated copy of AutoCAD. Then Joe gets busted. Joe will almost certainly be in trouble, Bob will likely be either questioned or considered responsible, depending on the blatancy of the link, and YOU will likely be questioned and your page might be monitored for a time (Bilodeau). One such example is my web page. I had a link from my page (the Wierd Wide Web) to Archaic Ruins, which is a site regarding information on emulators of old video game systems. When the operator of Archiac Ruins got sued by a video game company (I think it was Konami), I too got questioned, and had my page had ANY questionable material on it, I would have been sued. Thankfully, I was too lazy t o work on the page, as I had planned to put up a page that had really old videogames. Who said procrastination was bad? How can you prosecute someone for a crime that is undefined? Thats a question many people are asking. What is a copy of software? Is it a physical clone of the media it came on? Or is it the code duplicated to someplace else? If so, where else? Currently, software copying is generally considered a copy of the code someplace else but thats a problem. We all know that a backup of software is a copy, but did you know that even running the software creates a copy of it? Yes, it does. When you load a program, it goes into your computers memory, and is legally considered a copy. While the copy does not stay indefinitely, it does stay long enough to perform a certain task, and can and has been looked upon as a form of software piracy, as stupid as that sounds. (Tysver Software Patents) BBS (Bulletin Board Systems, small online services run by normal people) Sysops (system operators) are legally considered responsible for all the files that are available on their system (Elkin-Koren). While at first this seems like an obvious thing, after all, it is their computer, they should know whats on it. However, if you had ever run a BBS before, which I do, youd know that its hard, if not impossible to know whats on your computer. Planet-X, my friend John Morses BBS, which I co-run, has 50 calls a day. Of those 50 calls, about 35 of them upload or download software. Neither one of us is constantly monitoring the system, nor is there a way to make the computer automatically check to see what happens. Thus, about half of the public files on the BBS we dont know about. Lets take a look at an example of BBSs and copyright, and how they oh-so-beautifully coincide. Sega Ltd., maker of the Sega Genesis and Sega Gamegear, recently sued the Maphia BBS for making Sega Genesis ROMs publically available in a download section. This section was a type of digital rental as it is commonly known in the BBS community. Commercial software publically available for download, on an on-your-honor system, you had to delete the files after a short period of time (24-48 hours). Unfortunately for the Maphia BBS, they did not have a disclaimer, stating that the files must be deleted after a trial period, and thus, Sega was able to sue them for it, as without the disclaimer, there was no proof that they had used the digital rental system, and thus it was not fair use, as it could be used for monetary gain by the downloader (not having to buy the game). Of course, it could be used for that purpose WITH the disclaimer, but the disclaimer does just that, disclaims the BBS operator of the responsibilities of that copy of software (Elkin-Koren). Another such case was the case between Playboy (I think we all know who that is), and the Frena BBS. The public file areas on the Frena BBS frequently contained image files, and more often than not, they were adult image files. Well, I dont know exactly how it happened, but Playboy somehow found out that this BBS had some scanned photos from a Playboy magazine, and because they have the copyright to all their photos, they w ere able to sue the operator of the Frena BBS. The operator had no idea that there were any Playboy images on his system (Elkin-Koren). Speaking of image files, they too can be a problem with software protection. Say youve got an image file that someone had copyrighted. You load it up in a photo-retouching program, and add a big old goat in the background and paint the sky red. Then you remove the artists file name. Viola, the picture is now semi-legally copyrighted to you, as it has been significantly changed from its original, although I wouldnt recommend going to court over it (Grant 12). All you have to do is change a very large portion of the image files coding. Technically, darkening or blurring the image, changing the file format, or interlacing the file changes the file entirely, and thus, its yours. Sounds too easy? It is. Copyrights and patents are designed to help the media it protects. But in the case of technology, its actually hindering it. CD-ROMs contain a lot of information, and are the perfect media for music. A lesser known media, the Digital Video Disc, or DVD, is much more versitile, containing 26 times the storage compacity of a CD-ROM, and 11500 times more than a standard floppy disk, or about 17 gigabytes (the largest hard drives are 9 gigs). However, DVDs are not available to the public. Why? Because of the ease of copying them. Weve all dubbed tapes, its easy to do. However, we often opt for higher quality originals, because there is always a bit of degradation in the copies (although its very small now). With DVDs, a copy is exactly that, a copy. No degradation, no reason to buy an original. All the big companies are really scared by this technology, because it will take another five bucks out of their pockets. DVDs would be one of the greatest advancements in the short history of computers, but because of the shadier uses it could be used for, well never see it. I like to compare it to the Internet, its very useful, but it can be used for illegal purposes. You be the judge (Ross 134-140). Luckily, we may yet someday see DVDs, because several companies are developing copy protection schemes for them, to stop the casual home hacker/copier. Macrovision, for instance, is producing hardware for the DVD player that will make them incompatible with VCRs (the easiest dubbing-to platform, the equivilant of CD to audio tape). It will send output through the audio/video out ports that when played on a TV, will appear normal, but when played through a VCR, will have color stripes running sideways across the screen. This is due to the differences between the ways the two work (Ross 134-140). So as you can see, current methods of protecting software are a hinderance on the software industry. The problems outweigh the benefits, but with a new law, the industry would be able to keep the benefits and minimize any drawbacks. Instead of having to nitpick over who wrote something that did something similar, it would be back to who wrote something more powerful than the other guy, and thats what makes the industry great, competition. Oh, and Id like to add that I broke copyright law a total of 13 times in the making of this report, when I made a copy of each reference with the school copying machine (James 16), although it was fair use, so Im not in any trouble (Ruth). You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Software and Copyrights topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

The Role of Reading Fluency Tables in Comprehension

The Role of Reading Fluency Tables in Comprehension Listening to a student read, even for a minute, can be one of the ways a teacher determines a students ability to comprehend text through fluency. Improving reading fluency has been identified by the National Reading Panel as one of the five critical components of reading. A student’s oral reading fluency score is measured by the number of words in a  text that a student reads correctly in a minute. Measuring a students fluency is easy. The teacher listens to a student read independently for one minute in order to hear how well a  student reads accurately, quickly, and with expression (prosody). When a student can read aloud with these three qualities, the student is demonstrating to the listener a level of fluency, that there is a bridge or connection between his or her ability to recognize words and the ability  to comprehend  the text: â€Å"Fluency is defined as reasonably accurate reading with suitable expression that leads to accurate and deep comprehension and motivation to read† (Hasbrouck and Glaser, 2012). In other words, a student who is a fluent reader  can focus on what the text means because he or she does not have to concentrate on decoding the words. A fluent reader can monitor and adjust his or her reading and notice when comprehension breaks down.   Fluency Testing A fluency test is simple to administer. All you need is a selection of text and a stopwatch.   An initial test for fluency is a screening where passages are selected from a text at the students grade level that the student has not pre-read, called a cold read.  If the student is not reading at grade level, then the instructor should select passages at a lower level in order to diagnose weaknesses.   The student is asked to read aloud for one minute. As the student reads, the teacher notes errors in reading. A student’s fluency level can be calculated following these three steps: The instructor determines how many words the reader actually attempted during the 1-minute reading sample. Total # of words read ____.Next, the instructor counts up the number of errors made by the reader. Total # of errors ___.The instructor deducts the number of errors from the total words attempted, the examiner arrives at the number of correctly read words per minute (WCPM). Fluency formula: Total # of words read __- (subtract) errors______words (WCPM) read correctly For example, if the student read 52 words and had 8 errors in one minute, the student had 44 WCPM. By deducting the errors (8) from total words attempted (52), the score for the student would be 44 correct words in one minute. This 44 WCPM number serves as an estimate of reading fluency, combining the students speed and accuracy in reading. All educators should be aware that an oral reading fluency score is not the same measure as a student’s reading level. To determine what that fluency score means in relation to grade level, teachers should use a grade level fluency score chart. Fluency data charts   There are a number of reading fluency charts such as the one developed from the research of Albert Josiah Harris and Edward R. Sipay  (1990) which set fluency rates that were organized by grade level bands with words per minute scores. For example, the table shows the recommendations for fluency bands for three different grade levels: grade 1, grade 5, and grade 8.   Harris and Sipay Fluency Chart Grade Words per minute Band Grade 1 60-90 WPM Grade 5 170-195 WPM Grade 8 235-270 WPM Harris and  Sipays  research guided them to make recommendations in their book  How to Increase Reading Ability: A Guide to Developmental Remedial Methods  as to the general speed for reading a text  such as a book from the  Magic Tree House Series  (Osborne). For example, a book from this series is leveled at M (grade 3) with 6000 words.   A student who could read 100 WCPM fluently could finish  A Magic Tree House  book in one hour while a student who could read at 200 WCPM fluently could complete reading the book in 30 minutes. The fluency chart most referenced today was developed by researchers Jan Hasbrouck and Gerald Tindal in 2006. They wrote about their findings in the International Reading Association Journal in the article â€Å"Oral Reading Fluency Norms: A Valuable Assessment Tool for Reading Teachers.† The major point in their article was on the connection between fluency and comprehension: â€Å"Fluency measures such as words correct per minute has been shown, in both theoretical and empirical research, to serve as an accurate and powerful indicator of overall reading competence, especially in its strong correlation with comprehension. In coming to this conclusion, Hasbrouck and Tindal completed an extensive study of oral reading fluency using data obtained from over 3,500 students in 15 schools in seven cities located in Wisconsin, Minnesota, and New York.† According to Hasbrouck and Tindal, the review of student data  allowed them to organize the results in average performance and percentile bands for fall, winter, and spring for grades 1 through grade 8. The scores on the chart are considered  normative  data scores because of the large sampling.   The results of their study were published in a technical report entitled, â€Å"Oral Reading Fluency: 90 Years of Measurement,† which is available on the  website for Behavioral Research and Teaching, University of Oregon. Contained in this study are their grade level fluency score tables  designed  to help instructors to assess the oral reading fluency of their students relative to their peers. How to read a fluency table Only three-grade level data selections from their research are in a table below. The table below shows fluency scores for grade 1 when students are first tested on fluency, for grade 5 as a midpoint fluency measure, and for grade 8 after students have been practicing fluency for years. Grade Percentile Fall WCPM* Winter WCPM* Spring WCPM* Avg Weekly Improvement* First 90 - 81 111 1.9 First 50 - 23 53 1.9 First 10 - 6 15 .6 Fifth 90 110 127 139 0.9 Fifth 50 110 127 139 0.9 Fifth 10 61 74 83 0.7 Eighth 90 185 199 199 0.4 Eighth 50 133 151 151 0.6 Eighth 10 77 97 97 0.6 *WCPMwords correct per minute The first column of the table shows the grade level. The second column of the table shows the percentile.  Teachers should remember that in fluency testing, percentile is different from  percentage. The percentile on this table is a measurement is based on a grade level peer group of 100 students. Therefore, a 90th percentile does not mean the student answered 90% of the questions correctly; a fluency score is not like a grade. Instead, a 90th percentile  score for a student means that there are nine (9) grade level peers who have performed better.   Another way to look at the rating is to understand that a student who is in the 90th percentile performs better than 89th percentile of his grade level peers or that the student is in the top 10% of his peer group. Similarly, a student in the 50th percentile means the student performs better than 50 of his or her peers with 49% of his or her peers performing higher, while a student performing at the low 10th percentile for fluency has still performed better than 9 of his or her grade level peers. An average fluency score is between 25th percentile to 75th percentile Therefore, a student with a   fluency score of 50th percentile is perfectly average, squarely in the middle of the average band. The third, fourth, and fifth columns on the chart indicate into which percentile a students score is rated at different times of the school year. These scores are based on normative data. The last column, average weekly improvement, shows the average words per week growth that student should  develop to stay on grade level. The average weekly improvement can be calculated by subtracting the fall score from the spring score and dividing the difference by 32 or the number of weeks between the fall and spring assessments. In grade 1, there is no fall assessment, and so the average weekly improvement is calculated by subtracting the winter score from the spring score and then dividing the difference by 16 which is the number of weeks between the winter and spring assessments. Using the fluency data   Hasbrouck and Tindal   recommended that: â€Å"Students scoring 10 or more words below the 50th percentile using the average score of two unpracticed readings from grade-level materials need a fluency-building program. Teachers can also use the table to set long-term fluency goals for struggling readers.† For example, a beginning fifth grade student with a reading rate of 145 WCPM should be assessed using fifth grade level texts. However, a beginning grade 5 student with a reading rate of 55 WCPM will need to be assessed with materials from grade 3 in order to determine what additional instructional support would be needed to increase his or her reading rate. Instructors should use progress monitoring with any student who may be reading six to 12 months below grade level every two to three weeks to determine if additional instruction is needed. For students who are reading more than one year below grade level, this kind of progress monitoring should be done frequently. If the student is receiving intervention services through special education or English Learner support, continued monitoring will provide the teacher the information on whether the intervention is working or not.   Practicing fluency For progress monitoring on fluency, passages are selected at a students individually determined goal level. For example, if the instructional level of a 7th grade student is at the 3rd grade level, the teacher may conduct the progress monitoring assessments by using passages at the 4th grade level. To provide students the opportunity to practice, fluency instruction should be with a text that a student can read at an independent level.   Independent reading level is one of three reading levels described below: Independent level is relatively easy for the student to read with 95% word accuracy.Instructional level is challenging but manageable for the reader with 90% word accuracy.Frustration level means the text is too difficult for the student to read which results in less than 90% word accuracy. Students will better practice on speed and expression by reading at an independent level text. Instructional or frustration level texts will require students to decode. Reading comprehension is the combination of numerous skills that are performed instantaneously, and fluency is one of these skills. While practicing fluency requires time, a test for a students fluency takes only one minute and perhaps two minutes to read a fluency table and to record the results. These few minutes with a fluency table can be one of the best tools a teacher can use to monitor how well a student understands what he or she is reading.

Effective Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Effective Leadership - Essay Example 74-78, 2001). This paper is attempt to look at different types of leadership and the recent developments in the field of leadership by briefly looking at the literature available on Fred Fielder’s Situational Leadership Model, Level 5 Leadership, 360-degree leadership and Charismatic leadership. Discussion Fred Fielder’s Situational Leadership Model Fred Fielder is considered as one of the most notable gurus of leadership. During the mid of the 20th century, when most of the leadership experts were occupied by the discussion that whether leaders are born with certain characteristics which distinguish them from others or whether people can acquire these skills to become leaders. Fielder took the liberty of providing an entirely different perspective to the management and organizational behavior experts by giving his situational leadership theory (Kellerman, pp. 234-238, 2010). He divided the leadership styles into two groups namely relationship motivated and task motivat ed. Relationship motivated leaders are the ones who would place their emotional bonds with their people over the tasks and jobs. These leaders are more concerned about their image, respect, and perception amongst their followers. However, task motivated leaders are the ones who are more interested in numbers, targets, figures and objectives, and in the pursuit of the same, they are ready to sacrifice their image and bonding with their employees (Robbins & Judge, pp. 223-228, 2010). Furthermore, fielder proposed three elements, which have the ability to determine the situational control of the person. These are leader member relations, task structure and position power. Leader member relations refer to the degree to which the leader enjoys the backing, support, and loyalty of his sub ordinates. Second, task structure is high when the job descriptions are clear, structured, and well defined. Third, position power refers to the degree to which the leader enjoys the formal power to hire , recruit, select, reward, punish, or obtain compliance from the employees (Fulmer & Goldsmith, pp. 74-78, 2001). Furthermore, Fielder suggests that when the above-mentioned factors are high, the situational control is high and vice versa. A task-motivated style remains the most favourable option when the situational control is either extremely high or extremely low. Nevertheless, when the situational control is moderate, the leader should opt for a relationship motivated leadership style (Kellerman, pp. 41-49, 1999). 360 Degree Leadership Maxwell (2006) gave one of the most modern and influential concepts in leadership known as the â€Å"360 degree leadership† (pp. 15). Maxwell focuses on the most basic and simplest definitions of leadership, which says, â€Å"Leadership is nothing but the art of influencing people towards the achievement of shared goals† (Maxwell, pp. 84-86, 2008). Quite understandably, one cannot only influence the people who are underneath the indi vidual in the organizational hierarchy but also who lie at the same line or even who are over him in the organizational hierarchy. This means that one cannot only lead his subordinates but also his peers, colleagues, friends, bosses, bosses’ peers, and others. Many leaders fail to view the concept of leadership in a board way of leading down, leading across and leading up but they fall into the trap of leading down

The scholarly articles issues that are related to Chinas social Essay

The scholarly articles issues that are related to Chinas social security - Essay Example The scholarly articles issues that are related to China’s social security The article focuses on the need for reforming the social security sector in China. Scholarly articles are addressed to policy makers as evidenced by the three articles of which two were published in the International Journal of Social Welfare and the other article was published in the China Economic Review. Keywords: order, equations, systematic, articles 1. Introduction The scholarly articles chosen for this analysis address issues that are related to China’s social security. The three articles are consistent with the general trend exhibited in the discipline and will thus form the backbone of this analysis to cut across the discipline. Yang, Williamson, and Shen author the first article in the year 2009, and it was published in the International Journal of Social Welfare. The article addresses the issue of social security in China, specifically relating to the rural aged. The article has been written in efforts of attempting to alleviate the social security coverage in the country. Leung authored the second article selected in 2003, and it was published in the International Journal of Social Welfare. The article focuses on the need for reforming the social security sector in China. Feldstein is the author of the third article, published in the China Economic Review in 1999. The article’s focus is centered on the necessary reforms in the social security system of China. ... termined from an in-depth analysis conform to the general systematic set up of presenting findings that border on the social-economic aspect of daily life. The analysis is written in conformity with the writing style applied in the third article that was selected. The sections are a representative of the general format that is used in writing academic articles in the discipline. 2. Analysis of the articles The authors of the three articles are a true representative of the academic elite in the discipline with Leung working at the Department of Social Work and Social administration at the University of Hong Kong. Shen and Williamson are faculty members at the Boston College while Yang is a faculty member at the Beihang University. Feldstein is an associate at the Harvard University in the department of economics while at the same time he serves at the National Bureau of Economic Research. The five authors have a mastery aura of the field and this can be attested to by their systematic analysis of social economic issues that are linked to the provision of social security in China. The purposes of the different authors in the three articles are intertwined and are concentrated about providing a solution in the social security policy of China. The three articles identify the need of enacting a strong social security policy that would work towards ensuring that the elderly people of China reap the maximum benefit. The simplification of the social security system in the country alongside the increased coverage will be fruitful in reducing the country’s dependency level as well as improving the living standards of its elderly citizens. The rhetorical strategies advanced by the three articles are almost similar in the composition and advancement of the topics. The authors

Global Warming: An Inconvenient Truth :: Global Warming Catastrophe

In 2006, former senator Al Gore created an academy award winning documentary on global warming entitled â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth† . The movie earned several awards including an academy award for best documentary and gore later received a noble peace prize. The movie discussed several different topics of great concern to global warming; such as permafrost, climbs in temperature, extinction of species, drought, and fatigue to name a few. Four writers in five different articles discussed the three topics of greenhouse gases, climate change, and causes of global warming. These writers are writer and scholar Bill McKibben in â€Å"Think Again: Climate Change† and â€Å"How Close to catastrophe†; William J. Broad, writer for the New York Times in â€Å"From a Rapt audience, a call to cool the hype†; writer for the Cleveland Plain Dealer, Kevin O’Brien, in â€Å"Global Warming? I won’t be losing any sleep over it†; and Alan Zarembo, sta ff writer for the the Los Angeles Times, in â€Å"Game over on global warming?† All though the articles explain some different topics from one another, only one of them disagree with gore on the causes for global warming being humans, they all agree that there will be impacts to the environment, and all of them believe that greenhouse gases are one of the primary causes for global warming. First, all the articles discussed about who was to blame for the raising temperatures of the planet. The issue may be serious but O’Brien states that is just the media using another topic of interest and throwing it out of proportion. He claims that there is global warming, but the statistics being given are always changing, so the blame game can’t always point a finger at humans. Zarambo explained that humans are the cause of global warming but cannot but no matter what we were to do, even revert to the Stone Age, that global warming will still rise because the waste we have build up can dissolve slowly. On the opposite side, McKibben in â€Å"Think Again: Climate Change† he explains that humans are to blaim because the planet is already struggling to keep itself alive and all the excess heat we generate from CO2 and other waste, we are dooming ourselves to an early grave. In â€Å"How Close to catastrophe† where he explains his own thoughts he explains t hat its not just humans to blame but the citizens of the US.

Effective Communication Essay

Effective Communication Communication, as well as the organizational structure, is imperative for any organization to become successful. Effective communication is one of the main foundations in building a strong relationship between management, staff, patients and their families. Patients depend upon the staff to help them answer and understand questions regarding their health conditions. The organizational structure is one of the most efficient methods for allocation of relevant information within the facility. The appropriate organization structure is vital to authorize alliances of the organization to communicate within the facility and outside the facility. If there is no communication or ineffective communication the facility will fail to meet the needs of staff, patients, families as well as causing the organization to become unsuccessful. Organization Structure The formal structure describes an organization that is typically hierarchical in nature. Formal structures use organization charts that include staff member’s names and their official job titles within the organization. The hierarchical organization begins at the top and flows down to managers then to employees under those managers. When an organization uses a formal structure the lines of authority are clear (Lombardi & Schermerhorn, 2007). Techniques for Sharing Information and Ideas Sharing information and ideas with individuals comes in many forms of communication. Communication in the health care industry can vary depending on the individual one is working with. There is a time when all types of communication has to be in cooperated into the success of an organization and the care of patients. Face-to-face communication is effective as well as verbal communication via telephone is effective when communicating with  doctors, managers, staff, patients and the community. Communicating face-to-face allows one to rely on body language to decipher the effectiveness of the information that is transmitted from one individual to another. Written communication is a technique that is always dependable within the health care industry. The use of e-mails is also a technique of sharing information, but can sometimes leave an individual wandering if the message was received as the sender intended. Communication time out is a technique that is critical, but seldom performed . The road works allowing two-way conversations to be held by deciding the modes of communication preferred by each individual involved. It communication time-out is performed correctly potential risk factors can be identified and untimely minimized (â€Å"Best practices in communication reduce liability, 2011). Techniques Proved to be Ineffective Ineffective communication can affect the successfulness of an organization. The same techniques used for effective communication can lead to ineffectiveness in communication. Using face-to-face communication can show anger and stress through body language and can breakdown as messages are interpreted the wrong way. Messages that are not carefully planned, for example, the time and delivery are not chosen efficiently will result in negative communication. Once communication becomes negative it may be a challenge to regain positive communication methods. Applying Communication Techniques in the Health Care Environment Managers can use face-to-face communication in morning meetings to discuss the problems arising from the day before or the potential problems that will arise. Transmitting information via telephone is vital to nursing staff when communicating with physicians about patient care. Telephone communication allows questions to be answered instantly instead of waiting on a respo nse. When communicating with family member’s verbal communication retrieves the best results as well, the families will be able to receive the information they are seeking. Electronic mailing (email) can be used to transmit information between managers and other employees. It is important to insure the message sent via email is received with the intentions the sender is sending (Writing Effective Emails, 1996-2014). Written communication is a reliable communication used in some facilities. Daily team talks delivered to each  department by the department manager is a method of communicating with staff. Daily team talks can consist of the daily census, potential admits, upcoming discharges as well and safety tips, financial tips, and positive recognition of any staff member. Applying any technique of communication can have its positive or negative effects on communication between individuals. Technology and Communication With the expansion of technology use in healthcare today it can become a challenge to keep up with the growth of technology. With today’s technology computers is a major benefit in the health care industry. Video conferences used in today’s medical fields allowing for face-to-face communication via technology. Technology can be used positively and negative in communication between individuals. The lack of proper English and format can cause for negativity. Technology can also have many benefits with communication, as well. It can make it more convenient for managers to contact other staff and technology can be used in communicating with the community, as well. Conclusion Effective communication is vital in assuring the message is interpreted correctly. Listening openly, understanding the intent of the message and using proper body language in receiving and delivering the message is positive in communication. Preventing negative communication is the ultimate goal for organizations in order for them to succeed. Applying the proper techniques of communicating continues to be a challenge among organizations in today’s world. References Best practices in patient communication reduce liability. (October 2011). Retrieved from http://www.riskandinsurance.com Lombardi, D. N., & Schermerhorn, J. R. (2007). Health care management: Tools and techniques for managing in the health care environment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Writing Effective Emails. (1996-2014). Retrieved from http://www.mindtools.com/CommSkll/EmailCommunication.htm