Paper Discussion Questions

Paper Discussion Questions The Carlsbad Resolutions of 1819 seem like an extreme measure to control the youth as much as possible. The students are usually the open minded ones, and if you can limit their freedom, then you can limit rebellion, if you can limit rebellions, then you can avoid unexpected costs. This seems to be what the creators of these resolutions were thinking about. There resolutions are outrageous. They take full control over the lives of the students, from groups, research, publications, and even professors. The supervisor could be fired for no reason and the student would be left hanging with his term paper. Their study group could be seen as unauthorized and could also be closed down. The new agent that was to be introduced to each university has much influence. Anything suspicious is now under his control. These resolutions limit the liberty of many people are thus inappropriate. Not only does it put everyone on campus under a lot of stress, it thus effects the wellbeing of the university. If students and professors can’t have favorable conditions to work, their products are likely to be a lot worse than they could be.

The Benefits Of Ethical Leadership - 1104 Words

The Benefits of Ethical Leadership Eugenie Francis Monroe College Abstract Ethics begins with the individual, so it would be fair to say that ethical leadership is defined differently by each person in accordance with his or her values. However, there are guidelines that shape the thoughts and actions of most ethical leaders to think, speak and act in accordance with their ideals. This paper examine the role of effective leadership and the decisions that they make, as well as, the influence they have throughout the organization, as a whole. The importance of understanding how good leadership can influence others and bring about change. The Benefits of Effective Leadership We all make decisions every day;†¦show more content†¦In many instances, we think that we are being above board and fair but actually we are not because of how self-interest operates. For example, when self-interest is present we â€Å"typically biases the emotional importance we place on information, which makes us readier to perceive the patterns we want to see† (Campbell, Whitehead, Finkelstein, 2009, p.3). Similarly, distorting attachments is another issue that causes moral decisions made by ethical leaders risky. Some leaders are too attached to the firm and because of this they make irrational decisions that causes the organization to lose billions of dollars because of their lack of judgement. Example, ethical leaders that show signs of distorting attachments, â€Å"can become attached to people, places, and things, and these bonds can affect the judgments they form about both the situation we face and the appropriate actions to take† (Campbell, Whitehead, Finkelstein, 2009, p.3). Additionally, misleading memories or prejudgments are very powerful and because everyone have done it at some point in their lives it may seem to society that the decisions made are ethical. However, when you are a leader of an organization, the costs involved in sticking to prejudgments decisions can be disastrous. As a result, misleading memories or prejudgments that seem relevant and comparable to the current situation can lead our thinking down the wrong path (Campbell,Show MoreRelatedBenefits Of Ethical Leadership : A Positive Corporate Reputation, Ethically Empowered Employees, Increased Quality, And Higher1734 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this paper is to discuss four benefits of ethical leadership; having a positive corporate reputation, ethically empowered employees, increased quality, and higher customer satisfaction. Ethical leadership will benefit an organization, because it creates a healthy ethical environment, and culture which produces a positive corporate reputation. 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Their leadership has shaped countries and their influenceRead MoreEthical Leadership Debate1654 Words   |  7 PagesSeminar Four: Ethical Leadership Debate Guiding Reflective Question | Student Reflection | What was the definition of ‘ethical leadership’ adopted by the participants in the debate?What is the role of the directors as envisaged by Codes of Corporate Governance and wider society?Are these expectations consistent with the ideas of ethical leadership? | The four characters, Mike, Jan, Mei-Hua and Deshi were portrayed as individuals with starkly differing views on ethical leadership. Mike believesRead MoreImportance Of Business Ethics On Previous And Current Literature Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing used, sensitivity of questions asked, content and length, method of administering, and sufficient response rate. In this type of research, business ethics research, the researchers are striving to obtain quantitative data or the frequency of ethical attitudes, behaviors, and experiences among the sample population (Rowley, 2014). There are several advantages and disadvantages to questionnaires. The advantages of using a questionnaire for research include sta ndardized data collection, low costRead MoreEthical Theories Of Ethical Leadership1209 Words   |  5 PagesDisadvantages of ethical leadership Despite the positive elements ethical leadership can provide to an organisation, it arguable can cause issues as well. Ethical leadership requires the leader’s ethical framework to fall in line with the vision of the organisation. But it’s not just the leader and the organisation that need to be aligned, the subordinates can find it difficult working in an environment with certain ethical standards. You should be aware by now that ethical behaviour depends on

Derek Liu Free Essays

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P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Sun 12:45-2:00 pm Sat 2:05-3:20 pm Sun 10:05-11:20; 11:25-12:40 pm ( ) Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Fri 8:30-9:45 pm Mon 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( Sat 3:25-4:40 pm Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Sat 11:25-12:40 pm Wed 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Thu 8:30-9:45 pm Wed 4:45-6:00 pm Wed 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) Thu 12:45-2:0 0; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Thu 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Mon 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 3/3-10/3 4V 17/3-24/3 4V 9/3-16/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 10/3-17/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 11/3-18/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 4/3-11/3 4V 18/3-25/3 4V 19/3-26/3 4V 9/3-16/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 1/3-8/3 4V ( ) 15/3-22/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 6/3-27/3 4V 20/3-27/3 4V 7/3-14/3 4V 21/3-28/3 4V 13/3-20/3 4V 1/3-8/3 4V 15/3-22/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 4/3-11/3 4V 3/3-10/3 4V $540 @ , 09 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar TM01 TM02 TM03 TM04 TM05 TM06 TM07 TM08 TM09 TM10 S101 S102 S201 S202 S203 S204 S205 S206 S207 FT01 FT02 FT03 FT04 TY01 TY02 TY03 FL01 FL02 FL03 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Sun 10:05-11:20 am Sun 12 :45-2:00 pm Thu 7:15-8:30 pm Sat 3:25-4:40 pm Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Tue 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( Tue 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) Fri 7:15-8:30 pm Fri 7:15-8:30 pm Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 10:05-11:20 am Fri 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Sat 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) Thu 6:00-7:15 pm Thu 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sun 3:25-4:40 pm Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) Sat 7:15-8:30 pm Mon 7:15-8:30 pm ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 7/3-28/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 6/3-13/3 4V 20/3-27/3 4V 12/3-19/3 4V 26/3-2/4 4V 5/3-12/3 4V 19/3-26/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V ( ) 16/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 15/3-22/3 4V 11/3-18/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 7 /3-28/3 4V 7/3-14/3 4V 2/3-9/3 4V 16/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 10/3-17/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V $540 10 ## @ , Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 2 A P er 1 Pape CapStar Sat 10:05-11:20 am CB01 Sat 2:05-3:20 pm CB02 Fri 8:30-9:45 pm CB03 Sat 4:45-6:00 pm CB04 Sat 3:25-4:40 pm CB05 Sat 12:45-2:00 pm NP01 Sat 3:25-4:40 pm NP02 Sun 3:25-4:40 pm NP03 Mon 7:15-8:30 pm NP04 Fri 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) NP05 AB01 Tue 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) AB02 Tue 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 2/3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 1/3-22/3 4V 9/3-6/4 4V 2/3-23/3 4V 2/3-23/3 4V ( ) 2/3-23/3 4V 3/3-24/3 4V 4/3-25/3 4V 8/3-15/3 4V 5/3-12/3 4V 19/3-26/3 4V $540 ## @ , 11 Plan B Paper3 Paper 3 + Paper 4 ?4? Listening (2 lessons)  « 100% 2012 Past Paper ! !  « 3? Long Tasks Format! Marking Scheme, Long Tasks!  « 4? Short Tasks, Tapescript , !  « DSE? CE AL ,!  « 2 : Short Tasks Long Tasks †¢ Form-filling / Checklist / Table-filling / Others †¢ Opening ( ) Closing ( ) / Layout ( ) Non-reply Letter Reply Letter Article Speech Personal Profile Simple Report Press Release Email Content ( ) Relevance ( ) ?/? Data File ?Answers Data File 12 Plan B Paper4 Paper 3 + Paper 4 ?4? Speaking (2 lessons)  « 5 , Paper 4!!  « Conversational Strategies, Sentence Patterns? Useful Diction? Golden Ideas,!  « Sample Discussion? Sample Responses,? 14!  « 2 : Group Discussion 1. 2. 3. 4. Elaborate by Examples Elaborate by borrowing Elaborate by Dos/Don’ts Elaborate by providing alternatives 5. Give concrete names 6. Elaborate by listing the pros and cons Individual Response dead air ! 6. Giving Supporting Opinions 7. Agreeing Disagreeing 8. Advantages Disadvantages 9. Proposing Solutions to Problems 7. Ask ‘Wh-’ questions and provide answers 8. Elaborate by ‘If’ 9. Lead the members 10. Refute the others 11. Offer assistance 1. Do you prefer X to Y? 2. What do you dislike about X? 3. What do you like most about X? 4. Why do some people like X? 5. How would you improve X? 1 5% ! 1. Golden Ideas for Group Discussion 2. Group Discussion Samples (6 sets) 3. Individual Response Samples (10 sets) Derek Liu English Team! 13 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar A6ENGLDLB KB01 KB02 KB03 KB04 KB05 KB06 KB07 KB08 KB09 KB10 KB11 KB12 KB13 KB14 KB15 1. : Paper 3 + 4 2. ?3? 4 Paper 4 -Oral , 4 5 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) Plan B By Derek Liu English Team by Derek Liu Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 1/3,26/4 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 22/3,3/5 4V Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 2/3-9/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 16/3-23/3 4V Sat 4:45-6:00 pm 27/4-4/5 Sun 2:05-3:20 pm 3/3-10/3 4V Sat 10:05-11:20 am 27/4-4/5 Sun 2:05-3:20 pm 17/3-24/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30 pm 1/3-8/3, 26/4-3/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30 pm 15/3-22/3 4V Fri 6:00-7:15 pm 26/4-3/5 Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 7/3-14/3 4V Sat 2:05-3:20 pm 27/4-4/5 ( ) Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 21/3-28/3 4V Fri 6:00-7:15 pm 26/4-3/5 Mon 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( 4/3 4V Tue 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 30/4 Mon 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 25/3 4V Tue 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 7/5 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 27/3 4V Sun 10:05-11:20 am 28/4-5/5 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 2/4 4V Sun 2:05-3:20 pm 28/4-5/5 Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 5/4 4V Sun 12:45-2:00 pm 28/4-5/5 $540 14 ## @ , Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar TK01 TK02 TK03 TK04 MK01 MK02 MK03 MK04 MK05 MK06 MK07 MK08 MK09 MK10 TW01 TW02 TW03 TW04 TW05 TW06 TW07 ?4? 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(HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 1/3,26/4 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 22/3,3/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 16/3-23/3 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 4/5 Sat 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 19/3 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4V 27/4 Sat 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) Sat 12:45-2:00 pm 2/3-9/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Sat 12:45-2:00 pm 16/3-23/3 4V Sat 2:05-3:20 pm 27/4-4/5 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 2/3,27/4 4V Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 23/3,4/5 4V Sun 10:05-11:20; 11:25-12:40 pm ( ) 3/3,5/5 4V Sun 10:05-11:20; 11:25-12:40 pm ( ) 24/3 4V Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( 5/5 Mon 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 4/3,6/5 4V Mon 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 25/3 4V Fri 8:30-9:45 pm 26/4-3/5 ( ) Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 5/3 4V Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 27/4-4/5 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 12/3 4V Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 28/4 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 2/3,27/4 4V Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 2 3/3,4/5 4V Fri 4:45-6:00 pm 1/3-8/3 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 26/4 Fri 4:45-6:00 pm 15/3-22/3 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 3/5 Wed 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 3/4,8/5 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( 5/4 4V Fri 4:45-6:00 pm 26/4-3/5 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 6/3 4V Sat 11:25-12:40 pm 27/4-4/5 @ , $540 ## 15 Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar TW08 YL01 YL02 YL03 YL04 TM01 TM02 TM03 TM04 TM05 TM06 S101 S201 S202 S203 S204 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) 27/3 Wed 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4V 25/4-2/5 Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 2/3-9/3 Sat 10:05-11:20 am 4V 26/4 Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( ) 16/3-23/3 Sat 10:05-11:20 am 4V 3/5 Fri 6:00-7:15; 7:15-8:30 pm ( 17/3 Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 4V 27/4 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 24/3 Sun 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4V 4/5 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 10/3,5/5 4V Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 17/3 Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4V 27/4 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:1 5 pm ( ) 9/3-16/3 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 2/5 Thu 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 24/3 Sun 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4V 4/5 Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) ( ) 23/3-6/4 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 25/4 Thu 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 5/3 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( 4V 28/4-5/5 Sun 10:05-11:20 am 2/4,30/4 4V Tue 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 2/3-9/3 Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 4V 27/4 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) Sat 7:15-8:30 pm 16/3-23/3, 27/4-4/5 4V Fri 8:30-9:45 pm 22/3-5/4 4V Fri 7:15-8:30; 8:30-9:45 pm ( ) 3/5 Mon 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 4/3 4V Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4/5 $540 16 ## @ , Plan Intensive Videoa pLearning+Platformr 4 B P er 3 Pape CapStar FT01 FT02 FT03 TY01 TY02 FL01 FL02 CB01 ?4? (V. L. P. ) (HKDSE) (4 Sessions) CB02 CB03 NP01 NP02 NP03 NP04 AB01 AB02 /3-9/3 Sat 2:05-3:20 pm 4V 27/4 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 16/3-23/3 Sat 11:25-12:40 pm 4V 4/5 Sat 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 21/3-28/3 Thu 4:45-6:00 pm 4V 2/5 Thu 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 14/3 Thu 2 :05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm (DL) 4V 27/4 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 21/3 Thu 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm (DL) 4V 4/5 Sat 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 3/3,5/5 Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 4V Sun 11:25-12:40; 12:45-2:00 pm ( ) 24/3,12/5 4V 2/3,27/4 4V Sat 3:25-4:40; 4:45-6:00 pm ( ) 27/3-3/4 Wed 8:30-9:45 pm 4V 26/4-3/5 Fri 8:30-9:45 pm 2/4 Tue 12:45-2:00; 2:05-3:20 pm ( 4V 27/4-4/5 Sat 2:05-3:20 pm ( ) 1/3 Fri 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 4V 27/4-4/5 Sat 12:45-2:00 pm Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 7/3-14/3, 2/5-9/5 4V Fri 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 22/3 4V Sat 3:25-4:40 pm 27/4-4/5 Thu 8:30-9:45 pm 21/3-28/3 Sun 3:25-4:40 pm 5/5 4V Mon 7:15-8:30 pm 6/5 Tue 2:05-3:20; 3:25-4:40 pm ( ) 2/4 4V Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 27/4 Mon 8:30-9:45 pm 25/3 Tue 6:00-7:15 pm 2/4 4V Sat 4:45-6:00; 6:00-7:15 pm ( ) 4/5 $540 ## @ , 17 Capture (Plan A/B) ? DSE www. derekliu. com. hk ? Derek’s Blog ( ) How to cite Derek Liu, Papers

Barn Burning By Faulkner Essay Example For Students

Barn Burning By Faulkner Essay Barn Burning by William Faulkner, the character Colonel Sartoris Snopes, or Sarty, exhibits many interesting traits. The majority of these characteristics are seen through his thoughts that the author includes periodically throughout the story. The thoughts in the reading should cause one to come to the conclusion that young Sarty is definitely a dynamic character. In the beginning of the story in the courtroom scene, the reader is first introduced to the idea that Sarty is very proud of and in awe of his father. This is shown when Sarty is thinking about his fathers enemy being his as well, ourn! mine and hisn both! Hes my father!. These declarations are very clear and sharp with the meaning; Sarty respects his father and is exceedingly proud to be his son, and he will help defend him however necessary. This includes lying to a judge in a court of law as seen in the next thought of Sarty, He aims for me to lieAnd I will have to do hit. Sarty is willing to put his own honesty on the line to help his father Abner. Soon though, after the trial is over, Sarty begins to question his father and his foolish actions. When the family is on the wagon leaving the town from which they had been banished, Sarty says to himself, Maybe hes done satisfied now, now that he has He now begins to see that perhaps his father is not so perfect and just. As the family arrives at the doors to their next home, Sarty admires greatly the owners palatial living quarters. The mere sight of such an enormous and wonderful place makes him think that it is impervious to the puny flames he Abner might contrive Sarty is very optimistic about their new situation and thinks of his father, Maybe he will feel it too. Maybe it will even change him now from what maybe he couldnt help but be. Now, rather than feeling proud of his father for what he is, Sarty shows that he wants Abner to change; it can even be concluded that Sarty somewhat pities his father for not being able to control himself. Despite all the feelings Sarty has of his father and the wrong-doings, Sarty still obeys him. This is evident when Sarty is getting the oil for his father, but Sarty does question what he is doing. He thinks to himself as he is running to the stable, I could keep onI could run on and on and never look back, never need to see his face again. Only I cant. I cant. That was the turning point for Sarty, as it was the final time he shows any respect for his father and his deeds. Also, it was the first time he contemplates fleeing from his father. The final scene of the story is where it is most evident that Sarty is a dynamic character. After he gets away from his mother, he runs to warn the Major  de Spain of the impending doom, thus crossing his fathers will, showing no respect, and disapproving the unjustified torching of yet another barn. He then begins to run. Only when two shots are heard in the distance, Sarty pauses briefly to cry out for his doomed father. He then begins on his way for a new life, one without the fear of his father and threat of arson. All these thoughts signify a great change within Sarty. He is indeed a dynamic character, one who at first loved and defended his father, but later turned against him and his lunacy.

Star dust relationships free essay sample

Star dust relationships abrogation Captain Shakespeare mentor of youth In the movie Stardust, a movie about a boy becoming a man though a Journey for love, relationships play a key role in the plot. Temptation sent the main character Tristan on a Journey that will change the course of his life. Tristan eventually finds the fallen star and the relationship between Heavenly and Tristan has begun. Tristan and Heaven learn many things along their journey especially while meeting Captain Shakespeare.The things they learn from Captain Shakespeare are that, there are betimes to build seconds to destroy, Tristan becomes a man and they both learn that true love is right in front of them. Tristan lust towards Victoria has sent him on a Journey to find the fallen star, which has fallen on the other side of the wall, a place where people from England are not to cross. When Tristan finds the star, Heaven, he takes her on the Journey back to the wall. We will write a custom essay sample on Star dust relationships or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Eventually after a period of time they end up In the clouds where they are picked up by the terrifying captain Shakespeare. Captain Shakespeare Is a man ding something else, something that he wouldnt show someone he doesnt trust, hiding the fact that he has a very soft side. He devised a way to get Tristan and Heavenly to the wall. During that time he shows Tristan how to fight and Heavenly to waltz, the whole time trying to hide this soft side he has, even though he is overflowing with joy. He reveals to Heaven about the known fact that she is a star since she has been glowing brighter every day and he thinks he knows exactly why. This mentor to pupil relationship is one that relates to many different things, such as the kids learning room their parents.The second thing these two learn from Captain Shakespeare is that there are lifetimes to build and seconds to destroy. This means what it sounds like, one has a whole lifetime to build a reputation for them, while yet there are seconds to destroy. Captain Shakespeare Is a fine representation of this for he himself has a very large, and Inaccurate, reputation to proceed. Being the captain of the Sky vessel and son of the legendary Captain Ghostwriter, he Is known as a blood thirsty killer who Is tough as nails.He chose his name Shakespeare because of the English poet and playwright, but his crew sees it as shake spear, or shaking a spear. Under his tough exterior captain Shakespeare could be called a softy, he likes to dress up as a woman sometimes to express his true feelings. He will later be caught in the action by Prince Septum, one of the 2 remaining princes attempting to track down Heaven, the fallen star. Captain Shakespearean crew, after chasing Septum off the vessel, sees him dressed up as a woman with makeup on and says that they all knew he was whoopees.They wouldnt have viewed as anything different then as their captain no matter how he was, which also shows that reputation isnt exactly everything. The last thing that Captain Shakespeare teaches Tristan Is that love Is right In front of him. Tristan royally went to find the star for the girl of his dreams Victoria, she gives him a week to find the star and bring It back to her or she will marry Humphrey. Victoria wants to bought for her love and when Heaven asks Tristan to fully realizes what he has in front of him until he meets Captain Shakespeare.Shakespeare has seen Tristan and Heaven grow to be different from the people that arrived on the vessel at the beginning of their Journey. Tristan now has long hair, a sword and the skills to go with the sword. Heaven is no longer in a bathrobe and has learned to waltz. The two have changed into bigger and better people. During the time in which Heaven and captain Shakespeare are dancing Tristan takes Heaven away from Shakespeare and dances with her, as they dance she begins to glow as she smiles and laughs at things Tristan says and does.This makes captain Shakespeare smile. Before the two leave captain Shakespeare gives Tristan a thing of lightening and a whisper, in which he said that Tristan true love is really right in front of him obviously what he was saying, is that Heaven is his true love. This in turn, turns out to be true for Tristan and Heaven become married and Tristan becomes king. Captain Shakespeare teaches Tristan 3 main things that love can sometimes be right in front of you, that there is a lifetime to build and seconds to destroy, and shows and aches Tristan how to become a man.Tristan and Heaven become married and Tristan learns who his mother really is. In Tristan becoming a man he goes to Victoria and instead of throwing the rock at his window, a childlike thing to do, he knoc ks on her door to tell her that he doesnt want be and she needs to grow up. Then as he is leaving stands up to Humphrey and proves even more that he has grown into something more. This is how Tristan and Heaven grow into different people through the wonderful shaping hands of Captain Shakespeare.

Gender Differences in Nursing

Gender Differences in Nursing Introduction For a long time, nursing has been associated with the female gender. The first nurses were women, and the trend has continued for years without substantial change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Differences in Nursing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The profession grew from a point of care provision to a recognized profession and the roles changed. Though it has been proved that the satisfaction of the patient is not related to the gender of the nurse, still there are findings that illustrate support the argument1. This paper seeks to show why the profession has been dominated by women and why there are low men recording especially in the US and Canada. Gender differences in nursing The issue of gender in the nursing profession within Canada and the US needs to be examined. Some studies have suggested that the patient satisfaction in some instances has a very slight link with the nurse’s gender. The career patterns between male and female nurses have been very distinct before, but the two have a shared link now. Women in their career patterns are said to take up lateral moves. On the contrary, men make linear career moves. This means that a woman is likely to spend much time in one career compared to a man. For instance, a female nurse will spend much time in the nursing before training for another post. This is commonly known as the certificate gathered syndrome which mostly affects women2.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the contrary, men are taking up the linear career whereby they consider a career in which flexibility is fostered. Men are not grossly affected by the certificate gathered syndrome like women3. In the nursing context, the option for nurses to stick to the nursing career is based on many factors. The dominance of females has not b een willful, but inevitable. There are findings which suggest that female nurses have certificate gatherer syndrome. This is because the dynamics of the labor markets affect women and men differently. The study of both literal and linear career paths show that the issue of minority men in nursing is due to the structural labor markets that favor men than women. The most stated reason for the differences in the population of men and women in nursing career is the children career breaks that are experienced by both men and women. The period taken by women and men to attain nursing status is distinct4. The labor markets in the United States and Canada present a dilemma to men in relation to choosing nursing profession as a career. The nursing labor division is characterized by unqualified persons, and the payment for the unskilled has been exceedingly low. Nursing in the United States has been considered a career for the less skilled individuals. Therefore, many men than women find it hard to advance in nursing. With the minimal hopes of advancement, few men have reluctantly joined nursing. The under-representation of men in the nursing career within the US and Canada illustrates an imbalance that should be addressed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Differences in Nursing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are prevailing stereotypes about nursing. This cannot be ruled out since it has an influence on the Canadian and United States men on their choice of career. The nursing career has continuously been associated with caring and submission. Large numbers of men think that these traits are for women. In addition, the notion that joining the profession will make them look unmanly has made it hard for men to take up the nursing career5. There are notions in the United States and Canadian society’s that perceive men as strong and aggressive. The foregoing statement shows that nursing is not in conformity with the society’s expectations. In a society whereby people are used to nursing being a woman’s job, it increasingly becomes hard for a man to get the society’s approval after becoming a nurse. The said stereotypes may appear trivial, but they have played an influencing effect on the choices that men make regarding their careers. In the reasoning of many men, it is unwise to choose a career with negative perceptions whereas there are other options. Approximately, over 94 per cent of nurses in the US, as well as Canada are female6. The overwhelming perception that nurses are poorly paid has not helped in making nursing profession attractive to men. The notion is also evident in children’s understanding of the term.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They believe that a man cannot be a nurse. This is passed from one generation to another hence making men shun nursing completely. Conclusion The foregoing literature shows that the nursing profession has been widely considered as a women career. There are stereotypes that have made it hard to have men joining this profession. The stereotypes evident have continuously reduced the number of men joining the career. The Canadian and American nursing field is highly dominated by women due to the factors discussed above. The negative stereotypes need to be address if the number of men joining the career is expected to go high. Bibliography Andrews, Margaret M., and Joyceen S. Boyle.Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2008. Mackay, Lesley.Nursing a Problem Open. Milton Keynes: University Press, 1989. Radcliffe, Phillip. Gender differences in career progress in nursing: towards a non essentialist theory. Journal of Advan ced Nursing, 30, no. 3 (1996): 758-768. Spillerman, Seymour. Careers, labor market structure, and socioeconomic Achievement.American Journal of Sociology 83: (1977): 551-593. Footnotes 1Lesley Mackay,Nursing a Problem Open. (Milton Keynes: University Press, 1989), p. 15 2 Phillip Radcliffe, Gender differences in career progress in nursing: towards a non essentialist theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30, 3 (1996), p. 762. 3Ibid, p 765. 4Lesley Mackay,Nursing a Problem Open. (Milton Keynes: University Press, 1989), p.19 5SeymourSpillerman, Careers, labor market structure, and socioeconomicAchievement.American Journal of Sociology 83: (1977), p. 572. 6Margaret M, Andrews and Joyceen S. Boyle,Transcultural Concepts in Nursing Care. (Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2008), p. 315.

Sources of Clean Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sources of Clean Energy - Essay Example So the point is that the only way to avoid the global power crisis in future is to follow the policy of natural recourses saving and to use renewable sources of energy, such as solar energy, geothermal energy, wind power, water power, and biofuel. So renewable energy is 'energy derived from resources that are regenerative or for all practical purposes can not be depleted2'. Wind - is one of the renewable energy sources. The wind is considered by experts as one of the most perspective energy sources, capable to replace not only traditional sources, but also nuclear power. Production of the electric power by means of wind has a number of advantages: But as well as in other sources of energy usage, we can find some negative aspects in usage of wind power. The essential defect of a wind power is its intermittency. Moreover the usage of wind power may lead to a kind of environmental pollution, which existence and importance are often undervalued. It is a noise pollution. In Ohio one of the leading American companies has constructed the world's largest wind power plant with rating power 10 MW. This massive construction with the general height over hundred meters has worked just for some days and after has been sold for demolition at the price of 10 dollars per ton. The thing is that the life in radius of several kilometers has become just impossible. And question is not only in audible noise and vibrations. There is a very strong infrasonic, low frequency component in this noise. The point is that an infrasound on the frequency of 7 Hz conterminous with an alpha rhythm of a human's brain at sufficient intensity is very harmful. It may cause the strongest health disorders. Moreover the usage of wind turbines may result desertification of the grounds and in this case animals would have to leave their traditional areas of living. So the biodiversity may be decreased. Solar Power The leading clean energy source is the solar power. The energy of a solar radiation coming on the surface of our planet, almost in 40 times exceeds all energy consumed by the mankind. Every second the Sun gives the Earth 80 thousand billion kilowatt of energy, that in some thousand times more, than all the power stations of the world produce all together.Now mankind use only insignificant part of a solar energy, as existing solar batteries have rather low efficiency and are very expensive to produce. However we should not refuse from this practically inexhaustible source of clean energy. According to the statements of experts, this source could cover all needs of mankind for energy thousand years forward. The solar power is the most powerful and accessible of all kinds of non-traditional, renewable energy sources. Sunlight is not only inexhaustible, but also absolutely clean energy source having enormous energy potential. Nevertheless the usage of solar power also has own disadvanta ges.Solar energy is distributed on the big area, or in other words, has low density. That is why any plant for direct use of solar

Preventable Hospitalizations for Congestive Heart Failure Article

Preventable Hospitalizations for Congestive Heart Failure - Article Example The independent variable in the study is from the year 1995 to 2009 while the dependent variable is preventable hospitalization for congestive heart failure among adults in sampled hospitals (Will et al., 2012). The study design in the article is cross-sectional research design using a sample of age, sex, and race of the patients. The sample size is 501 to 525 hospitals representing one percent of United States hospitalizations. The study uses stratified sampling with the sample characteristics being age, sex, and race of patients hospitalized of CHF in participating hospitals. Data was collected from the 1995 to 2009 National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (Will et al., 2012). Data collection methods were entrance records by hospitals of the CHF patients admitted between 1995 and 2009. The procedures conducted were the removal of severe CHF patients to ensure the sample taken included that of patients whose hospitalization was preventable (Will et al., 2012). Data analysis involved weighting CHF hospitalization from 1995 to 2009 for the people above 18 and summation of numbers of three consecutive years to form 7 periods whose rates w ere calculated 100,000 of the population. Standardization, development of confidence intervals, Z-tests, and other statistical tests followed the analysis. The results depict increased rates of CHF hospitalization among all ages, and blacks have higher hospitalization rates than whites (Will et al., 2012). The strengths of the article are the in-depth data analysis and use of large sample data. The study limitations are non-reporting of 17% to 21% of the CHF hospitalizations and classification of people as multiracial from 2000 onwards. Another liability is the inability to exclude CHF hospitalizations occurring from transfers from other facilities (Will et al., 2012). Heart Failure in Hispanics is a qualitative research study done in the United States where the risk  factors, etiological conditions, diagnosis and treatment, and barriers to health care are done on Hispanic Patients.  

Torts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Torts - Essay Example The battery occurred when he (Wilkes) decided to hit Miss Oaks in the face with his fist, which resulted into Oaks being unconscious, her jaws broken in two places, and her sinus cavity having collapsed. Apart from the assault and battery, Wilkes also caused Miss Oaks to experience emotional distress, thus the plaintiff should also sue the defendant for intentional infliction of emotional distress. This is because the defendant managed to intentionally cause severe emotional distress via an act that was extremely outrageous. That is, the outrageousness of the act is attributed to the fact that the defendant carried out the assault on the plaintiff in front of many other students, which is something demoralizing to the plaintiff. Given the plaintiff is a still a young girl, such an incidence taking place in front of several other students tends to have a serious emotional impact on the plaintiff, especially once she reports back to school. More to that, Thomas Wilkes is also to be sued for invasion of privacy, given that he approached Oak’s table during lunch break, where verbal abuse ensued despite being warned by the assistant vice principle to stop his abuses towards the plaintiff. On the other hand, the other defendant is Rusty Converse, who is the assistant vice principle, and is responsible for student disciplinary matters at Westview High School. The second defendant, Mr. Converse, ought to be sued for Negligence. This is because he failed to act as a reasonable vice principle and teacher, especially one who has obligated with the role of ensuring that all students in his school, Westview High, are disciplined. Given his duties of making sure that no student ever feels threatened by a fellow student, Mr. Converse neglected his duties and intentionally caused the harm towards the plaintiff. In other words, he (Mr. Converse) breached and violated his duties, which was to

Advantages Of Using Subnetting

Advantages Of Using Subnetting Subnetting is allowed you to divide one physical network which is whether a class A, B, or C into several smaller logical subnetworks. The main idea of subnetting is borrowing bits from the host IP address and using them to create one or more networks within the network. Furthermore, It permits using two or more local area networks (LANs) technology in the same network such as Ethernet and Toking ring (Cisco 2005; PSI 2000). Advantages of using subnetting: It is useful to control and to reduce the network traffic by limiting number of broadcasts. It is allowed any organization to subnet its network without needed to have a new network IP through an internet service provider (ISP). Subnetting was so helpful to solve the problem of lacking IP addresses on the Internet. Allowing to use two or more LAN technologies together in the same network. Subnets also helpful to minimize the size of the routing tables on the internet since additional network numbers will not being added to the table. When you want to isolate segments for security reasons such as accounting and sales segment. When you want to isolate bad segments such as domination hosts which use most of the LAN bandwidth (PSI 2000). Disadvantage Advantages of using subnetting: Subnetting decreases the total number of IP addresses in the network but may need buying additional hardware such as a router. So, it may cost lots of money(PSI 2000). It cannot correct the lack of efficiency because companies still assign address block regarding to classes (Kozierok 2005). Supernetting It is the opposite of subnetting that is allowed you to divide one physical network into several smaller logical networks. On the other hand, Supernetting is allowed you to combine one or more smaller logical network to making one large network. It is a part of classless inter domain routing (CIDR) (Wright 1998). In addition, it is used in routing tables to merge nearby class C (Blank 2002). It is necessary when you need more hosts on the network. So, the main concept of supernetting is borrowed one or more bits from the current network address and using it to produce a large amount of hosts (Inetdaemon). Private and Public IP addresses Public IP Address It is an IP address which is able to be seen by the public. Public IP Address allows people access your computer form everywhere and know about you such as a web server. Private IP Addresses It is used on a private network and it is not able to route through the public Internet. It is useful for security reasons. All privet IP addresses are fallen within the following IP address ranges (Syndication 2007): Class A 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 Class B 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 Class C 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255 2- Subnetting calculate : 192.168.1.40/24 IP class / class C Total usable subnets/networks / 256 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks / 254 The first 5 subnets/networks / 192.168.1.0, 192.168.1.1, 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3, 192.168.1.4 10.4.78.21/8 IP class / class A Total usable subnets/ networks / 1677216 Total usable IP addresses in each subnet/network / 1677214 The first 5 subnets/networks / 10.0.0.0, 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.3, 10.0.0.4 10.0.0.9/24 IP class / class A Total usable subnets/networks / 256 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks / 254 The first 5 subnets/networks- 10.0.0.0, 10.0.0.1, 10.0.0.2, 10.0.0.3, 10.0.0.4 203.51.131.23/27 IP class / class C Total usable subnets/ networks / 32 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks /30 The first 5 subnets/networks-203.51.131.0, 203.51.131.1, 203.51.131.2, 203.51.131.3, 203.51.131.4 198.110.43.112/26 IP class / class C Total usable subnets/ networks / 64 Total usable IP addresses in each subnets/networks / 62 The first 5 subnets/networks / 198.110.43.64, 198.110.43.65, 198.110.43.66, 198.110.43.67,198.110.43.68 3- Static and dynamic routing : Static routing manually is configured into the routing table by configuration file or a network administrator who can access and configure the routers (Inetdaemon2). So, it is called static because it needs someone who can create that routing table physically. In addition, it provides control over routing (Balchunas 2007). Advantages of Static Routing: It reduces the physical hardware overhead. It also minimize the bandwidth overhead (Balchunas 2007). Disadvantages of Static Routing: Static routing is a manual process so it will not work good with a massive number of routing. It also does not fix any connection problem so the router must configured manually to solve any connection down (Inetdaemon2). Difficult to configure large network (Balchunas 2007). Dynamic routing Dynamic routing automatically is configured by a routing protocol that runs on the routers (Balchunas 2007). Dynamic routing protocols are applications that can find a network destination and then record it into the routing table (Inetdaemon2). Advantages of Dynamic Routing: Easy to configure a big networks. Dynamically change to a different route if there is any connection down (Balchunas 2007). Disadvantages of Dynamic Routing: Consuming more bandwidth. It consumes more hardware as well. It chooses the best connection way regarding to the routing protocol not to the routers administrator (Balchunas 2007). Commonly used dynamic routing table RIP (Routing Information Protocol). EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol). OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) (Balchunas 2007). 4- The difference between a layer 2 and a layer 3 network device The difference between them is a layer 2 device works only with MAC addresses to forward network data packets; however a layer 3 device works on IP address. Moreover, layer 2 devices are transfer network packets from physical address to physical address but layer 3 devices looking for the best route to transmit data packets. So, layer 2 networks are faster than a layer 3 network because it just needs to forward data to the right destination without make any decision (Simon 2006). Example of layer 2 device and describing it: Switch. It is used to connect two local area networks (LAN) or more. It works under OSI (Open System Interconnection Reference) model Layer 2. Furthermore, It usually has multiple ports to connect devices together or to connect two or more local area networks (LAN). it receives data and forwards it depending on the destination MAC (Media Access Control) address to only destination that should receive it . Moreover, It only sends data within the same subnet as well (Maufer). Example of layer 3 device and describing it: Router. Router is used to connect two wide area networks (WAN). It works at OSI (Open System Interconnection Reference) model Layer 3. Furthermore, It forwards data depending on the destination network address to only destination that should receive it as well (Maufer).

Bilingual Education in Public Schools Essay -- Bilingual Language Educ

Bilingual Education in Public Schools For the past thirty years in the State of California, bilingual education has been undertaken by all the public schools of the state. Under such system, children of non-American ethnic have had a special treatment in their early academic career. Children of minority groups have been thought various subjects in their native tongues. Such subjects are Math, History and some Science classes. The bilingual program presented the student a scholastic curriculum that simultaneously instructed students all the required classes while teaching them the English language. For such method, bilingual teachers were the focal point for the success of individual students of any class level. Prior to Proposition 227, California’s programs for immigrant students included English as a Second Language, in which students were taught the English language for part of the day, and bilingual education, in which students took classes taught in their native tongues until their English improved. The bilingual educational system was legally first introduced by Governor R. Reagan in 1967. Reagan as Governor of California signed a bill eliminating the state’s English-only instructional mandate and allowing bilingual education. Proposition 227, that has reformed the thirty year old bill, has taken affect on June 2, 1998. The proposition introduces a new way of teaching the English language to immigrant children. Such proposition is also called â€Å"English for the Children† or simply the Unz initiative after its author and chief financial backer, Ron K. Unz, a Silicon Valley millionaire and conservative Republican who has no children or background in education and has never set foot in a bilingual education class. â€Å"The Unz initiative calls for one year of courses taught in English, with an emphasis on learning the language; a system that many fear is a return to a past when children were sometimes punished for speaking Spanish, but that others say is a return to sanity† stated Don Terry in his article Bilingual Education Facing Toughest Test. In addition, one of the more controversial points of he plan involves a waiver system whereby parents who prefer â€Å"native-language† inst ruction for their children can request that the children be removed from the English-immersion classes. The request will be granted if they can find parents of twenty of more chil... ...achers thought I spoke Spanish. I found the English language somewhat easy to learn, moreover, I have to thank many of the English-speaking friends that I made back then to teach me the slang and spent time with me outside school. Mathematics and Economics were easy for me, I can say with confidence that I had one of the highest grades in comparison to my English-speaking classmates. The main problems that I had were the communication skills, both writing and speaking English proved to be the greatest challenge for me during that year. My need to communicate with others drove my incentive to master the language, within the first two years; many of my friends were surprised how well my English was. Despite the foreign accent, they had all agreed that my English was very efficient. As an overall, I appreciate the year spent in High School learning the language, I believe that all new immigrant student should attend such classes. They have made a very positive impact in my life. In conclusion, I believe that all races should master the English language as quick as possible, for it is the essence of social integration that can lead to one success or failure of the â€Å"American Dream†.

The Road to Basra: A Case Study in Military Ethics

The Road to Basra – A Case Study in Military Ethics This report states that this mission contained three moral themes they are as follows: 1) noncombatant immunity and the question of surrender, 2) military necessity and proportionality, and 3) observations regarding the psychology of combat and the possibilities of right intent in combatants. My translation of what those theme mean, as for noncombatant immunity and the question of surrender, a large concern was that the number of unneeded hostage that were contained within the convoy. There seemed to be a lack of certainty on what was defined as surrendering and those that did surrender appeared to still be subject to attack. Immunity didn’t appear to be an option to many, regardless of various attempt made by many different statures. In regards to, military necessity and proportionality, Was it actually necessary to attack the convoy or could it have been allowed to pass? The convoy passing was the intended purpose of the war. Because of the knowledge and fear of a retaliated attack it was felt that attacking the column with what was best at the time. Whether the attack was proportionate depended on what one thought the goal of the war was. Lastly, observations regarding the psychology of combat and the possibilities of right intent in combatants. The psychological well-being of the troops were all over the board. Some being excited about their involvement of the â€Å"feeding frenzy† as some called it. Where others were clearly upset but this, those were asking not to be sent back to that position upon return for refuel. To be delighted on the amount of destruction contributed, having a sense of pleasure from shooting large quantities of live targets. It was stated that the longer a soldier lives in the zone of combat the more desensitized to what he doing he becomes. White Flags on the Road to Basra – Surrendering Soldiers in the Persian Gulf War First section depicts soldiers that were waving their white flags and still shot and killed. Pilots expressed delight in the havoc they were causing. Enjoyed displaying the abilities of their aircrafts, showing the damage they can cause. Many Iraqi soldiers abandoned their vehicles on foot, many mere children ages of 13 and 14. They were hunted down and killed by cluster bombs. Many were waving white flags, and this was disregarded. It stated that killing soldier in war is acceptable. There were no established facts that showed that the attack was military necessary. Military necessity consists in acts of violence relevant to achieving a tactical or military objective and compatible with laws and customs of war. So basically because its war, what is defined and necessary is a bevy of ideas depending on what is needed or wanted. There appears to have been a discrepancy as to whether or not the Iraqi troops waved the white flags to surrender. In previous practice when a soldier held up a white flag, they surrender and are granted immunity and fire is ceased. It is believed that Iraqi troops did not display the white flag with intent to surrender. The study states that today’s wars aren’t any remotely close to how they used be when the fight was face to face. With the advancement in technology it becomes a virtual fight so to speak. In many situations you won’t see the enemy coming.

Child Studies Meeting (4 -7 age year) Essays - Geisha, Free Essays

Child Studies Meeting (4 -7 age year) Essays - Geisha, Free Essays Child Studies Meeting (4 -7 age year) Traditional Mask Making from Specific Country (Idea 1)-Below the iceberg-(What other countries see as beautiful e.g. Africa - Feathers, Geisha- White/pale)-(Different mask are made to show different ideas of beauty)-Make a mask from a specific country-e.g. African Masks, Japanese Geisha Mask-(Development: Cognitive and motor: Children learn arts and crafts, as well as Country well known connotations) Music from Around the world (Idea 2)-Below the ice burgs-(Helps with physical development as well as learn about different country music)-(curtesy and manners)-(Everyone can take turns each)-Musical chairs-Good for settling the kids down Memory Games (Idea 3)-Above the ice berg because- (because they will have to know it before hand)-(Development: cognitive: Helps with memory and teaches children about the countries along the way)- (Game breakdown: Which country is this' from) Who am I Game (Idea 4)-Above the ice berg-(Development: )-(Game idea: -Describe the country and guess who is who'? with head bands of countries on them) Child Points out where they are born and place their name tag on the place (Idea 5)- Above the ice berg-Everybody can see that everybody is born from different places-(understanding of other cultures)-Only if we get older children -Younger kids might not know where they are from -(Depending on what age group of kids we get) -600075-52387500

Writing Excuses 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good

Writing Excuses 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good Writing Excuses: 9 Actionable Tips to Overcome Writing Excuses for Good We all make writing excuses for various reasons and it slows down our progress for writing a bookPublilius Syrus once claimed: Every vice has its excuse ready. And writing is no different.In this article, we will uncover the kind of excuses we make and provide you tips on how to overcome your writing excuses.So stay put! Learn. Practice. And soar.Here are our tips for how to overcome writing excuses:Find your voiceAvoid the non-native speaker debateDevelop a writing habitCut back on social mediaDont procrastinateStop fearing the fallDisability is not inabilityStrive for progressGet rid of writers blockNOTE: Want to learn how to not only publish a book, but do so in a way that sets your book up for long-term success? We teach exactly that in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereWhat causes writing excuses?There are a plethora of reasons writers give for letting excuses take over their work.Sure, some are the real-life instances you may connect with, and others are cheesy ideas saved in your head.You are likely to find reasons like toddler trouble, age, illness, time, little knowledge, to creativity blocks still making headlines in the writing community as the biggest launchers to writing excuses.But do you know what? Only you can let go of all excuses- and we at Self-Publishing School are here to help you along the way. The common excuses which prevent us from writing or self-publishing: Im not a native English speaker, can I still write? What is the right age if you want to self publish? I am 14 years old; do I stand a chance? Writers block (which we cover solutions to below) I am still learning how to write. I have little vocabulary knowledge: what should I do first to be a writer? Life problems/disability. Waiting for the perfect time to write. Looking for good writing tips. Fear of failing or falling. Looking for a book genre or how to start a story. Laryngitis. I want to write a script; what should I do first? Ill do it later.How to over come writing excuses with easeThe late Great Louis La Moore, the prolific author of over 100 books, once said he could write on a busy street corner: that was years back where authors used a pen, a paper, or a typewriter to create text.Imagine the benefits you can add to your writing in this era of the iPhone, tablets, and cloud apps that allow you to write on the go? First.#1 Find your voiceUsually, we learn writing by imitation: but no matter how you view it, Laryngitis will only add poison to your book.I know you may love how JK Rowlings writes or Neil Patels variety, but I can tell you that drifting away from your voice will be a bane to your book.How?Remember the creativity slowdown I mentioned earlier?When the author completes his piece, you are blank, with no ideas for your essay. You have nothing fresh to add after you finish comparing your writing to the author you are reading.The magic to fighting ensuing excuse from Laryngitis is finding your voice in writing. But thats only half of it.Here are other kick-butt methods to find your writing voice:Writing more every day.Write your draft freely without editing or looking at another persons work.Write and research later: or research but take a break before you engage in the writing process.Plot all your plans for writing a novel and ideas on some paper or notebook whenever they pop.Read more from different authors, publications, and manuscripts.Get creative with your work or content.Write with the buyer persona in mind.Get laser-focused with your writing or content by selecting a niche and a language.#2 Avoid the native/non-native English speaking debateClient: Native English speakers only.Writer: But I am not native!I hear this phrase a lot in the writing community, especially from clients who want their book/content written by Anglophone writers.But frankly speaking, I have never understood the debate or the relationship between native and non-native speaking to writing unless one is writing on relig ion, culture, cuisine, or destinations nuance.What should you do then if you are not a native English speaker?Many great writers are native English speakers. However, writing should not only be in the English language but in other languages too! And being a native does not equal writing well.Here is how to win this debate: You can write in your native language and use a service like Google translate to translate phrases and words to other languages.If you want to focus on English, read English books, the dictionary, thesaurus, and journals on the niche you want to write.Practice writing in the English language.Watch English films and movies (not the Housewives thing).Stop using autocorrect while writing.Invest in your education, learning the language.Use online writing assistants like Hemingway editor to bring clarity in your writing.You can also seek inspiration from the likes of Prof Ngugi Wa Thiong and Chinua Achebe who are not native English speakers yet, have published books in the English language and even received international accords for their persuasive writing.#3 Develop a writing habit and strategyPlanning is a necessary process in any persons life not only for corporates but writers too.If you do not plan, you plan to make writing excuses! It is that simple.The building blocks you create in the planning process will inspire you to reach your goal of completing that book. It will help you avoid replacing writing with watching The Game of Thrones, buying groceries, browsing for advice and settling toddlers or cat mischief and excuses.Tip on making a successful plan:Designate a specific time for writing and reading.Set targets.Push yourself.Create a content calendar and a place where you find writing prompts or exercise to kill writers block.Test your progress after a week or a month.Make a list of what you want to achieve. It can be in sticky notes on a wall or laptop for affirmation.Set reminders to give you the push and inform you when its time to do groceries, shopping, or writing.Create realist goals on the number of words you want to write in a day. For me, I love using 750 words.com for setting and achieving my daily writing goals.Here too are our favorite writing software you can use in planning, time management, improve productivity, and kill those writing excuses:Chrome Plus Time Tracking AppToogllWunderlistGoogle calendarCoffitivityFocusMateEvernote#4 Use social media lessHow often do you use social media? Once a week? A day? Every minute?It is true social media has got a tremendous influence and opportunities these days. It has created jobs, made communication, information, and knowledge more manageable. But it has also contributed to time and resource wastage not forgetting making the world louder.Studies show on average; we spend close to three hours every day on social media slacking off watching memes or viral content yet, we could use this time to improve on our writing skills.Take, for example. You take an hour to write 1,000 words. You could reduce the number of hours you spend on social media to two, and the other on writing.Social media is also not just a place for watching memes, but thankfully, a platform to develop writing habits. You can write on LinkedIn writing, Tumblr, or even Facebook as you connect with friends and family.Other ways to get over being hooked on social media:Turning off notifications so you can concentrate on writing.Use an app like Zen writing app or the ones mentioned in #3, which keep track of what you do.Write before you engage in another activity. This will make you want to write faster since you want to move to the next commitment.Let your desire for writing be numero uno.Make the environment conducive for writing.Join writing groups like the Self-Publishing School Mastermind Community: an excellent place to find inspiration from those who share or overcome similar challenges and excuses.How to succeed in writing groups to get over writing excuses:Joi n relevant writing groups worth your time.Connect with authors and publishers through personal chats for advice and inspiration on places such as Scribophile.com or professional associations for writers and editors.Ask only relevant questions and be on point to get the most answers out of your questions.Build a rapport.Connect, network, and engage in each case.Never let social media take charge of your life.Take advantage of its hidden gem and use social platforms as an inspiration to arouse your creativity and bring back your writing mojo.#5 -Avoid procrastinationIf its not easy to start, it will be hell to finish. -  Niklas GÃ ¶keProcrastination is the biggest thief of creativity, progress, and success. It is an enemy you must conquer at all cost.Whatever it is that you may not want to write now, stop waiting for the right time, age, or when the right resources are available to start.Today, the community has got many great resources. You can write on your phone, table t, or a pocketbook. You can also use platforms like LinkedIn, Medium, or Tumblr to share your stories: or use a tool like Jami Gold Save to plan your novel if you are starting in this art.Remember also the Great Louis La Moore words on being able to write on any busy street corner.Any place, any time is an opportunity to write: not procrastinate.Note: For your writing to work, you need to be in the writing factory and not embrace the excuse factory.#6 Dont fear to fallThere is a lot that goes into self-publishing a book: drafts, outlines, revisions, finding a publishing company and eventually marketing and selling to the public who receives it with mixed reactions.Guess what happens during all this process?Frustrations, name shaming, trolls, in-your-face insults, and horrible reviews with straight-up lies.If this has been the case, keep the fire burning and kill the negative energy in this way:Make a list of all the life lesson and use them for motivation if you lack the inspirati on.Keep a list of your favorite motivational quotes.Take Sir Richard Bransons offer challenging readers to write letters to their younger self how to navigate life.Make a list of your habits positive and negative.Write of your failures and how you plan to succeed.Have faith which gives powers and action to thoughts. Most people develop excuses because they do not have faith in their writing.Finally, keep in mind that success waits on the other side of failure.#7 Disability is not inabilityAre you struggling with specific challenges in life? Maybe an illness, marital problems, family issues, anxiety, low mood, spouse abuse, or low self-esteem?Life has a unique way of furnishing us with problems- a thing the Bible captures: but it encourages us to overcome our challenges in a unique way.2 Corinthians 4:8-9: We are afflicted in every way, but not crushed; perplexed, but not driven to despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed.You may struggle with whatever challenges life throws at you, but do not turn them into writing excuses.Remember, excuses thrive well where problems exist. The many times you count the troubles you are experiencing, the more you will use them as a reason for not completing your book.To tow you out of the excuse mode, look up these five authors who succeeded in this art despite disabilities.Peter WinklerOctavia E. ButlerChristy BrownJean-Dominique BaubyFyodor DostoyevskyI also wish to encourage you to:Write a memoir or a biography, or on the challenges, you are experiencing.Write about your failures and shortcomings and how you plan to undo them.Find a mentor in writing groups, writing conferences, and co-working space.Ask an able sister, friend, or family member to assist where necessary.Use technology, especially those for voice, motion, and creativity.#8 Strive for progress, not perfectionWhen I started writing, I struggled to produce a well-polished draft. I hated rewrites and self-editing made me want to ram my head into a wall.But with time, I allowed myself to be scrappy.I realized that giving it all in my drafts held my back: it pushed me into the rabbit hole of procrastination, fear and made me look inept.You may aspire to be perfect at what you do, considering the good returns it brings. But perfection sometimes carries a poor reputation plagiarism, Laryngitis, and writers block.This is especially the self-judgment we impose on ourselves when we find our piece is not of the quality of bestsellers or garnered low reviews.While you may want to become a bestselling author; when starting, strive for progress and with time, harness the power of perfection through edits, second, or third editions. Remember the old saying of how to eat an elephant? One bite at a time.That your first piece never made headlines does not mean the next will experience the same fate.Aim for progress. Perfection is like success, a journey, having no destination: hence the doing is a lot more important than th e result.Here is a broad overview of how to aim for progress:Collaborate with other writers, making relationships with them, whether aspiring or professional.Seek reviews and feedback from beta readers.Find or pay an editor to help bring out your thoughts, ideas, and write more succinctly.Do an activity that will bring more clarity to your writing.Give yourself enough latitude to experiment and maybe fail a couple of times.#9 Writers block doesnt existIt is an excuse us writers use to shot our own feet when writing or publishing a book: then seek comfort in a community or in-crowds ailing of the same.Lets face it one more time: Writers block is a fancy term made up by whiners so they can have an excuse to drink alcohol. Steve Martin.Guess what? You can stop it.How? It often starts with finding the real ailment, some soul searching and admitting to yourself.The other list of things you can do to write without writers block goes here:Make a habit of writing ideas every day.Seek idea s from social media or writing groups.The Time is Now.Check out these story ideas to stir inspirationThese creative writing prompts.Ask your partner or friend for ideas if stuck.Go through some of these creative writing exercisesDo something unique at least every quarter. It can be a documentary, podcast, or something related to the writing you produce.So whats standing in your way from self-publishing? Not excuses, it is you. But we can fix that- here at Self-Publishing School- with a few shifts in the mindset.Ready to get rid of those excuses and get your book DONE?With this training, excuses are not a part of the equation. Basically, we help you work through your biggest excuses in order to achieve your main goal: write and publish your book.

Coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coaching - Essay Example Cognitive coaching is the term given to these coaching strategies that offer something to every teacher. Teachers and heads of learning institutions are educated on the thinking behind their practices, and how it may benefit this practice, in the long run. This paper will examine the effect of cognitive coaching in the education sector, and how it supports teacher leadership. Impact of cognitive coaching on the current education climate Cognitive coaching, over the years, has assisted teachers in a number of ways. First, teachers are no longer self-centred and do not feel isolated (Knight, 2008). When isolated, teachers tend to act out by imposing self-rule on their learners. This is often not appreciated by the learners, and they also tend to act out as a sign of rebellion. It is often believed that teachers are in this practice for their own benefit. Lately, this belief is being pushed out the window. The introduction of several programs, for example, No Child Left Behind, proves t hat the success of students is no longer a problem for the institution or parents. It is proof that the district and the entire community are affected if students fail to attain exceptional grades in school. These ramifications offer enough incentive to the parties involved, making them work harder toward helping each other grow intellectually (Costa & Garmston, 1994). Through cognitive coaching, teachers are made aware that individuals need one another. This might come in the form of student-teacher relations, or teacher-teacher relations, or student-student relations. These relationships enable students and teachers alike, to grow in an environment that fosters understanding among all of them (Knight, 2008). This leads to the creation of a conducive surrounding for learning. All the educational reforms that are taking centre stage in the world today are addressed in cognitive coaching. In one way, there is the need to have teachers behave and relate to learners professionally. Thi s is happening as many teachers are taught how to handle learners of different ages. Cognitive coaching further increases a teacher’s intellectual capacity, which they might exhibit in their careers. It is through coaching that a teacher’s behaviour and thinking is influenced toward creating a healthier climate. This is for learning and increases self-modifying conduct in all the groups involved. This fosters superior understanding in and out of the learning environment, for both teachers and students. Cognitive coaching can extend outside the classroom or school boundaries. It can influence outside behaviours and assist in shaping personal lives. Furthermore, through cognitive coaching, teachers have a higher level of analysis (Costa & Garmston, 1994). This is encouraged through active listening and building of stronger relationships. How cognitive coaching is supporting teacher leadership Cognitive coaching is assisting in re-defining the teacher’s role. It is turning their role into something students can identify with in the learning environment. Advocating for teachers to be more of facilitators and coaches in the learning environment goes hand in hand with the growing technological age (Knight, 2008). Many institutions are increasing the use of computers to educate and increase understanding in the classroom. As students get to view their teachers as facilitators, they get more comfortable with them. It becomes easier to approach most of them with any problems they

SIDS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SIDS - Essay Example This incident was noticed at around noon (Bedsole, 2012). One can assume that the baby was sleeping on its tummy, on an adult soft bed, or accidentally suffocated with pillows surrounding the baby. These are the most common factors related to SIDS. After further investigation, the police came to a conclusion that there was no foul play or any wrongdoing by the parents. However, another case involved in SIDS was ruled a homicide. Vanessa Clark, a Texas woman, was charged with killing her newborn baby while sleeping with it in the same bed. The baby was found unexpectedly not breathing. This was not the first time this had happen with Clark. Her first child died the same way and was ruled an accident. Therefore, police did a further investigation and found reasonable evidence to indicate that Clark put the baby at a high risk by putting the newborn baby in imminent danger and acted upon criminal negligence. The Angelina County jurors found Clark guilty of child endangerment(Held, 2012). She is facing up to twenty years in prison. In the event that a possible SIDS death takes place, the police must investigate and interview all parties involved. â€Å"By law, police and other officials at hand, such as a coroner and detectives, are required to determine the cause of death† (Hooker, 2011).The information exchanged between these officials is crucial in order to solve the case (Ortmeier, 2006). Several questions must answered be in order to determine if such act was done deliberately or inadvertently. Family members are briefed about an investigation that must take place because of the infant’s death. In addition, child protective services as well as other special support groups should be involve assisting the family members after their loss. It would give great help and allow the police to detach themselves from the situation and allow them to focus on

Discuss a particular image pattern or cluster of symbols and show how Essay

Discuss a particular image pattern or cluster of symbols and show how it functions in one or two works on the course - Essay Example The Yellow Wallpaper was not only an intimate autobiographical work but one of the few instances where in text, a real life 19th century woman spoke out. A major theme in å… ¸he Yellow Wallpaperis the medical mistreatment of women which plagued the 1900s which is explored by Gilmans use of symbolism and character development. The Yellow Wallpaperis a short story written by the prolific author Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1892 and then was forgotten. Fifty years later Gilman and her works were rediscovered and this particular short story has become a quintessential piece of 1800s feminist literature. Married women during this time were freed from the necessity of contributing to society outside the home, presumably because marriage befit her for motherhood and motherhood required all of her energies."(ODonnell). On the surface it was the story of a woman who has a child and suffered from depression. Her husband, who is also her doctor, prescribed the å… ¸he Mitchell Treatment This was a standard treatment for all mental disorders during this time which consisted of isolation and rest. The woman, the main character, was placed in an attic for a month of recovery. Her only companion was the peeling yellow wallpaper. Slowly the unnamed narrator slipped into deep depressive psychosis. It is not until she sh irked off the treatment and the invisible societal chains that she becomes well again. "The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman ... present image[s] of women imprisoned within a labyrinthine underworld that represents the threat of madness; and in each case the myths become metaphors for poesis, hermeneusis, and psychogenesis.(Smith 227). This short story was based on Gilmançâ€" ´ real life experience with depression and the 途esttreatment. The Yellow Wallpaper was not only an intimate autobiographical work but one of the few instances where in text, a real life 19th century woman spoke out. A major theme

My watch Essay Example for Free

My watch Essay My beautiful new watch had run eighteen months without losing or gaining, and without breaking any part of its machinery or stopping. I had come to believe it infallible in its judgments about the time of day, and to consider its constitution and its anatomy imperishable. But at last, one night, I let it run down. I grieved about it as if it were a recognized messenger and forerunner of calamity. But by and by I cheered up, set the watch by guess, and commanded my bodings and superstitions to depart. Next day I stepped into the chief jewelers to set it by the exact time, and the head of the establishment took it out of my hand and proceeded to set it for me. Then he said, She is four minutes slow – regulator wants pushing up. I tried to stop him – tried to make him understand that the watch kept perfect time. But no; all this human cabbage could see was that the watch was four minutes slow, and the regulator MUST be pushed up a little; and so, while I danced around him in anguish, and implored him to let the watch alone, he calmly and cruelly did the shameful deed. My watch began to gain. It gained faster and faster day by day. Within the week it sickened to a raging fever, and its pulse went up to a hundred and fifty in the shade. At the end of two months it had left all the timepieces of the town far in the rear, and was a fraction over thirteen days ahead of the almanac. It was away into November enjoying the snow, while the October leaves were still turning. It hurried up house rent, bills payable, and such things, in such a ruinous way that I could not abide it. I took it to the watchmaker to be regulated. He asked me if I had ever had it repaired. I said no, it had never needed any repairing. He looked a look of vicious happiness and eagerly pried the watch open, and then put a small dice box into his eye and peered into its machinery. He said it wanted cleaning and oiling, besides regulating – come in a week. After being cleaned and oiled, and regulated, my watch slowed down to that degree that it ticked like a tolling bell. I began to be left by trains, I failed all appointments, I got to missing my dinner; my watch strung out three days grace to four and let me go to protest; I gradually drifted back into yesterday, then day before, then into last week, and by and by the comprehension came upon me that all solitary and alone I was lingering along in week before last, and the world was out of sight. I seemed to detect in myself a sort of sneaking fellow-feeling for the mummy in the museum, and desire to swap news with him. I went to a watch maker again. He took the watch all to pieces while I waited, and then said the barrel was swelled. He said he could reduce it in three days. After this the watch AVERAGED well, but nothing more. For half a day it would go like the very mischief, and keep up such a barking and wheezing and whooping and sneezing and snorting, that I could not hear myself think for the disturbance; and as long as it held out there was not a watch in the land that stood any chance against it. But the rest of the day it would keep on slowing down and fooling along until all the clocks it had left behind caught up again. So at last, at the end of twenty-four hours, it would trot up to the judges stand all right and just in time. It would show a fair and square average, and no man could say it had done more or less than its duty. But a correct average is only a mild virtue in a watch, and I took this instrument to another watchmaker. He said the kingbolt was broken. I said I was glad it was nothing more serious. To tell the plain truth, I had no idea what the kingbolt was, but I did not choose to appear ignorant to a stranger. He repaired the kingbolt, but what the watch gained in one way it lost in another. It would run awhile and then stop awhile, and then run awhile again, and so on, using its own discretion about the intervals. And every time it went off it kicked back like a musket. I padded my breast for a few days, but finally took the watch to another watchmaker. He picked it all to pieces, and turned the ruin over and over under his glass; and then he said there appeared to be something the matter with the hair- trigger. He fixed it, and gave it a fresh start. It did well now, except that always at ten minutes to ten the hands would shut together like a pair of scissors, and from that time forth they would travel together. The oldest man in the world could not make head or tail of the time of day by such a watch, and so I went again to have the thing repaired. This person said that the crystal had got bent, and that the mainspring was not straight. He also remarked that part of the works needed ha lf- soling. He made these things all right, and then my timepiece performed unexceptionably, save that now and then, after working along quietly for nearly eight hours, everything inside would let go all of a sudden and begin to buzz like a bee, and the hands would straightway begin to spin round and round so fast that their individuality was lost completely, and they simply seemed a delicate spiders web over the face of the watch. She would reel off the next twenty-four hours in six or seven minutes, and then stop with a bang. I went with a heavy heart to one more watchmaker, and looked on while he took her to pieces. Then I prepared to cross-question him rigidly, for this thing was getting serious. The watch had cost two hundred dollars originally, and I seemed to have paid out two or three thousand for repairs. While I waited and looked on I presently recognized in this watchmaker an old acquaintance – a steamboat engineer of other days, and not a good engineer, either. He examined all the parts carefully, just as the other watchmakers had done, and then delivered his verdict with the same confidence of manner. He said: She makes too much steam – you want to hang the monkey-wrench on the safety-valve! I brained him on the spot, and had him buried at my own expense. My uncle William (now deceased, alas!) used to say that a good horse was a good horse until it had run away once, and that a good watch was a good watch until the repairers got a chance at it. And he used to wonder what became of all the unsuccessful tinkers, and gunsmiths, and shoemakers, and engineers, and blacksmiths; but nobody could ever tell him

History And Overview Of The Horse Breeds History Essay

History And Overview Of The Horse Breeds History Essay Horse is a majestic animal which has been domesticated more than 7000 years ago and has spread all over the word during the last 5000 years. It is an animal loved by every human being without an exception for its majestic look and the ability that the horse could be easily trained for various purposes of mankind due to the creatures intelligence and docility when compared with other animals. Due to its reliability people have used this animal as a widely accepted land transport method with mobility and speed until the horse got replaced in the recent past with the dawn of motoring age. The different roles it had played in war as war mounts, chargers, gun draughts in the armies of renowned emperors like Alexander, Napoleon and Genghis khan and the role that horse played in World War I could never be matched. Still most of all the countries in the world use this animal for ceremonial purposes, for sports activities and some still utilize it for heavy work and agricultural purposes as w ell. Evolution of this mammal that belongs to the family of Equidae and biologically known as Equus ferus caballus at present, has taken place for more than 45 million years. There have been mainly three types of wild horses, namely Feral, Tarpan and the Przewalskis horse from which the modern day variants have developed. The Feral horses are still in existence while Tarpan horse is extinct where the last animal has died in captivity at a Russian zoo in 1909. Przewalskis horses which were also thought to have become extinct from the world were rediscovered in the remote parts of Mongolia. With the help of the science and the conservation efforts taken by the animal lovers, it still roams in the prairies of Mongolia and Russia. In the modern horse family there are seven family members other than the horse, namely Ass or the Donkey, Mountain zebra, Plains zebra, Grevys zebra, Kiang and the Onager. Most importantly and interestingly, these types can be crossbred with each other to develop new types though some are sexually infertile (although the result of crossbreeding a donkey and a horse is a mule, two mules cannot reproduce another mule). Another interesting point is the difference between the horse and the pony; though people have a common belief that they belong to different species, they dont and the only difference is based on the height of the animal. The standard unit of measurement for the height of horse is known as Hands  [1]  (4 inch). If the height of the animal is above 14.5 hands it is known as a horse and animals below this height are known as ponies. However there are few breeds that measure below 14.5 hands and still called as horses than ponies despite the international standard being 14.5 hands. There are many types (more than 300) of modern horses and ponies available in the world according to the general stud book of horses but they belong to three groups based on the ancestral blood lines; the benchmark quality considered for breeding and upgrading. Hot blood These were the horses that evolved in the Middle East and Far East towards Mongolia, adopted to live under hot climates. They are small built with shiny coats and are widely renowned for their speed and endurance. They are also called the oriental horses. Cold blood These horses got evolved in the cold climes in the northern highlands in Europe and Scandinavia adopted to the cold weather conditions with a heavy build and thick coats and were generally used for farm and draught work. Warm blood When Europeans and the easterners started to interact through war, trade and diplomacy, hot blooded and cold blooded horses too interacted with each other, resulting in the development of the warm blooded horses suitable for riding purposes. This new breed led the process of developing the dominant thoroughbred horse. During the renaissance in Europe, equestrian sports became the popular leisure time of royals, regents and nobles creating the need and urge of demand to have horses with agility, speed and sprinting capabilities to win competition races. The breeders in England developed the Thoroughbred by crossbreeding the European breeds with oriental Arab horses. Thoroughbred is considered the hallmark of all horse breeds right around the world for the last couple of centuries. Though there are thousands of thoroughbreds round the world, interestingly their ancestry could be traced back to three Arab stallions called Darley Arabian, Godolphin Arabian and the Byrely Turk, thoroughbred horses belong to the category of hot blood type. Most of the warm blood breeds could be upgraded to thoroughbreds which will be the core of this research paper as well. Picture Although the presences of horses have been reported in Sri Lanka since the Vijayan times, the existences of horses were more prominent after the arrival of Europeans to Sri Lanka. In 1505AD when the Portuguese arrived, they found that their native horses were not much adopted to the tropical environment prevailed in Sri Lanka, hence they started developing a new breed using Indian and Middle East horses that could fare well in the existing environment. But they had only a limited area of control within the country and by 1600 AD they utilized the Delft Island to breed horses, since it was an island, remote from the main Island and they had easy access to India to bring horses, the breeding of horses took place very easily and effectively while the island won the title Ilha Das Cavallas or Island of the horses. Delft_Horse.jpg After the arrival of Dutch, they took over control of the coastal areas of Sri Lanka and further developed the Delft horse breeding facility by introducing new blood lines in to Delft from Far East. Picture During the early British time they used the same facility much more effectively by appointing a subaltern superintendent for the purpose, subsequently when the entire country was conquered, they abandoned the facility at Delft and utilized Nuwara Eliya and Diyathalawa as their new breeding grounds marking the golden era of equestrian sports in the country. British colonists were able to construct and have racing in Race courses at Colombo, Nuwara Eliya, Avissawella and Boossa in Galle and had a much prestigious polo grounds at Diyatalawa. Their control over the country for a longer time invariably had a positive impact in developing good breeds for their day to day requirements and leisure.DSCN4327.jpg CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY AIM The aim of the research paper is to study, analyze and prove the possibility of breeding native thoroughbred horses. Statement OF PROBLEM It is evident that we have used horses since very ancient times and the history proves that horses are brought here from India and Arabia. The Mahawansa says in 236 BC two tradesmen Sena and Guthika who came to Sri Lanka for the trading of horses took the control of the Anuradhapura city and ruled the country for 22 years. There are some older records in Mahawansa about the horses at the period of King Pandukabhaya (436BC-367BC). The existences and breeding of horses were more prominent after the arrival of Europeans to Sri Lanka in 1505BC. However after the colonial era this majestic animal had been neglected by the people and the breeds which were available got deteriorate in terms of quality with time, limiting the entire breed to a pony in the island of Delft and to a negligible number of horses with few private owners. Horses have been recorded in Sri Lankan history for more than 2000 years; however we have been unable to establish a thorough bred horse breed presently in Sri La nka unlike other countries in our region and world over. JUSTIFICATION Although this research is limited to five thousand words and for a period of little over two months which places lot of implications on the outcome of such a vast topic, considering the fact that Sri Lanka Air Force have initiated in setting up of an equestrian sport unit, this research can be reasonably justified based on the impact that could be made on this majestic field as a capable public organization through a collective effort with Mounted Police division, Sri Lanka Army and other relevant and interested agencies to add a sense of glamour and pride by replacing foreign horses with our own, that are being used during major state functions such as Independents day parade, Victory day parade and introduce them in military parades. Further if the objectives of this research could be achieved. At the end of the day it would save exorbitant amounts of money spent on importing horses and enable to introduce and revive horse riding, Polo and other equestrian sports and make a massive contribution to the inflow of tourism and foreign currency. SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study will be based mainly on documentary sources. It is intended to gather primary and secondary data information as follows. Primary source of collection of information are based on documentary sources including publications, Newspaper articles, private horse breeding organizations and government organizations. Secondary source will be interviews conducted with the professionals of the veterinary science and experts on horse breeding in the country. OBJECTIVES General Objective. Analyze the possibility of breeding native thoroughbred horses. Specific Objectives. The specific objectives of the research are as follows. The background of horse breeding in the world. The background of horse breeding in Sri Lanka. Study about breeding and developing native thoroughbred horses in Sri Lanka. Study about the problems faced in breeding horses in Sri Lanka. Analysis on breeding native thoroughbred horses and the advantages of having such a breed in Sri Lanka. Hypothesis It is possible to develop and establish a native thoroughbred horse in Sri Lanka. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION The data collection has planned to carry out based on documentary sources including publications, browsing the Internet, private horse breeding organizations and government organizations. Information will be collected from interviews of the professionals of the veterinary science and experts in horse breeding. DATA ANALYSE TECHNIQUES The most part of the data analysis will be Predictive analytics. The collected data from different sources such as professionals and experts in the field will be taken in to consideration. CHAPTER ORGANIZATION Chapters will be organized on following manner Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Methodology Chapter 3 Back ground Chapter 4 Data Chapter 5 Analysis Chapter 6 Conclusion and Recommendation LIMITATIONS The time available to conduct this research will be approximately 3 months which does not permit a biological analysis with the help of the experts using the Delft ponies or to do a test breeding of a native horse practically by using Delft pony. The length of the paper will be limited to about 5000 words, and it will not be possible to collect data from all the reliable sources. CHAPTER 3 THE BACKGROUND Once the British rule in Sri Lanka ended in 1948, breeding of horses died a natural death with time due many reasons. Non availability of qualified veterinary surgeons in the country became the top most and there were only a handful of elite locals who had the capacity and influence to maintain their animals. Apart from that the Europeans during their time never let the horses in to the wild for natural breeding. Some religious beliefs against animal cruelty and gambling also contributed towards the downfall. After the existing numbers dwindled, people had to buy them from the other countries paying a large amount of money. Picture Though there are no native horses within the country, as mentioned in Para 9 after abandoning of the Delft Island stud, few horses left in the Island (Picture 1, 2 3) did survive and the reproduction has taken place naturally. But due to poor natural resources they have adopted well to the harsh environment of the Delft Island.DSCN4328.jpg As a result, the quality of the animal deteriorated in terms of height and athletic ability thus reducing the entire standard from horses to hard adopted ponies. The Delft Island was not in the proper control of the Sri Lankan government for thirty years due to the war, but as a result of timely action that included the Delft pony in 1970 in to the schedule iii of the fauna and flora protection ordinance that covers the list of Absolutely Protected Species we are still lucky to know a herd of more than 500 wild ponies are in the Island at the moment  [2]  . According to the Director (operations) Wild life Sri Lanka, a programme with the help of the Sri Lanka Navy to protect the wild ponies existing in the Island is under way. No proper veterinary research has been done to identify the type of the ponies available and their adoptability and however, Dr. Sampath Lokugalappathi an enthusiast at the Veterinary faculty of Peradeniya believes that the Delft pony descends from hot blood lines and Warm blood lines taking in to account the recorded ancestry. A proper analysis using the DNA technology could resolve the mystery and according to him since the Delft stud was maintained by Portuguese, Dutch and English, the ponies might carry quality genes of their European ancestors. HORSE BREEDING IN THE WORLD AND IN SRI LANKA The earliest people who recorded the breeding of horses are known to be from the Middle East since 1330 AD. Even Europeans started horse breeding many long years back. And further its believed that the nomads of the Mongolian steps have bred horses for several thousand years. In the modern day world, many of the countries breed horses on their own for many purpose but Americans Arabians and Europeans mainly breed horses now for equestrian sports. Also many of the western countries breed horses for commercial purposes. Considering the horse breeding in post independence era in Sri Lanka, most significant developments came as the horse lover cum business tycoon Mr Upali Wijewardane started breeding horses and it is said that he had upgraded the delft blood lines to a certain extent by the time of his untimely death. Then in the mid eighties, the Government of Sri Lanka started the much awaited project of upgrading the delft blood lines in to the Sri Lankan thoroughbred horse with introducing Australian thoroughbred blood lines by importing a white stallion named Sydney through the mount police division. The first official half bred of this project was a grey stallion named Super Charger that stole the hearts of local horse lovers. Later the project was expanded through the Mahaweli scheme by establishing an official breeding farm at Kalawewa with the horses owned early by Mr Upali Wijewardane and the new Australian influenced local blood lines, success went to the extent of being able to breed a thr ee quarter bred horse. But during the insurrection in 1988, the facility was destroyed unluckily and all the horses and some pregnant mares carrying the embryos of the upgraded horses were killed by the insurgents. Picture Although some efforts made to revive the project using Pakistani blood lines in early nineties had not flourished due to various constrains including health complications. Since then no government projects were conducted for breeding of horses. But some of the animal lovers started breeding horses in private capacity. And they were not much interested in breeding a native thoroughbred since it was time and resource consuming and the inability of access to use the new technology. But a horse lover named Mr Ajit Chitty who is a very enthusiastic still do horse breeding in his farm at Galewela. He has started breeding horses using Delft ponies and according to Mr Chitty they have bred up to three quarter bred level by cross breeding with an Indian thoroughbred (Picture 4). 256729-horsesthe-farm-dambulla-sri-lanka.jpg Further Gamini Jayarathne Stables are also pioneers on horse breeding in Sri Lanka. They have tried to breed thoroughbred horses in 2005 but had failed due to lack of qualified veterinary staff specialized in horse breeding  [3]  . Premadasa Riding School is also another famous equestrian sports establishment in Sri Lanka. They have number of horses in their inventory, they are mainly Indian thoroughbreds. Though they use the term Sri Lankan thoroughbreds  [4]  for some samples the breed has not been registered in the general stud book for horse breeds in the world. The Mount police division mainly participate and hold dominance in equestrian activities in all the major national ceremonies, they are mainly the experts on horse handling and horse training, and to a certain extent have the know how to deal with horse health. They have done horse breeding during early period but not in resent past. They mainly import castrated horses rather than breeding them for their purpose. CHAPTER 4 DATA USING DELFT PONIES TO DEVELOP A NATIVE THOROUGHBRED HORSE AND PROBLEMS FACED IN BREEDING HORSES IN SRI LANKA Selecting a location for breeding. Before selection of the sample it has to be confirmed that the type of the ponies (Hot, Warm, Cold blood) and the quality of the genus. This will be a main concern before starting the project. It is very much important to locate a site closer to the Peradeniya since there are no any other veterinary experts on horse breeding within the country other than the experts at the Veterinary Faculty of Peradeniya. Space of the location should be sufficient enough to cater more than 20 horses with an area for their activities. This facility should have sufficient number of stables for the horses. Selection and transporting of Delft ponies. Authority should be obtained from the Wild life Conservation to capture wild ponies from Delft Island. Veterinary expertise should be taken when selecting of ponies at Delft with the help of the Veterinary Faculty of Peradeniya to select healthy and adequately grown samples. It will be ideal to obtain 5 or more mares as well as stallions. Transporting the animals from the island to the mainland will need expertise support and they will be needed to be transport by road to the location taking time and giving adequate rest to the animals. Special protection will be needed to take care of their health during transportation. Breeding methods. There are several methods used to breed horses in the world and each technique has advantages and disadvantages. They are as follows Normal mating of the stallion and the mares. This will be the easiest method of reproduction of horses. All the stables in Sri Lanka use this method since it doesnt need any special tools, techniques or training. But this method has disadvantages such as requirement of a healthy good quality stallion and accidents during contact (kicking by the mare). Artificial insemination. This is known to be as a much more secure method. It will emit the risk of having reproduction disabilities of the stallion. And this will allow transferring quality genes from a required type of a stallion. Embryo Transfer. Flushing out the mares fertilized embryo a few days after the insemination, and transferring to a substitute mare. This method will require qualified veterinary surgeons with the technology, proper equipments and a proper facility. Egg Transfer. Egg is removed from the mare and transferred in to a second mare, which is then bred. This method will also require qualified veterinary surgeons with the technology, proper equipments and a proper facility. Breeding techniques. There are mainly three techniques used during breeding this will enable to transfer required qualities of a particular horse to the new generations. Inbreeding. It is a way of mating two genetically related animals (horse). This can result the offspring to be effected with unwanted (deleterious) traits. Linebreeding. It is a way of inbreeding, to fix desirable traits of one particular animal (horse) to the next generation. Outcrossing. This technique is used to introduce unrelated genetics in to a breeding line. Selection of the Breeding Method and the technique. Since it is much costly to buy a thoroughbred stallion and considering the risk of failing, the normal mating will not be considered. The Embryo Transfer and Egg Transfer methods require the technology and the qualified veterinary surgeons; therefore Artificial insemination method will be selected to fertilize the mares.E:No 35 JC SCDelft pic2000px-Intense_inbreeding_-_Continuous_sire_to_daughter_mating.svg.png Figure 1The requirement of developing a new thoroughbred with the genetic traits of the delft ponies will require using Linebreeding technique. The requirement of transferring genetics of the delft ponies with a thoroughbred will be full filed by using this technique, it will transfer genetic traits of delft ponies and thoroughbred to the next generation. The basic concept of the linebreeding is using high quality desirable traits in animal (thoroughbred) (S) to its daughter (D) and again to her daughter (D1) and so on (Figure 1). This will increase the presence of the genes of the father in the offspring. At the level of the fourth generation offspring will carry more than 93% of genes of the father (Table 1). Further linebreeding will create a near clone of a desirable individual. Table This technique is commonly used by the horse breeders to rare high quality horses by mixing the genes. Also this method will allow having a clear trace by the comparison with the parents about genes transfer rate and the improvement of the quality of the offspring. Hence it is recommended to use linebreeding with artificial insemination for the beginning of the breeding. Veterinary surgeon Dr Somarathne highlighted the advantages of using linebreeding with artificial insemination which is very much cost effective and much more reliable method for a country like ours. Breeding the mares. Horse semen  [5]  is available in the international market. America, Arabia, Australia and United Kingdom are the main and most reliable and good quality horse semen producers to the international market. Horse semen can be selected by checking quality of the pedigree of the donor stallion. Figure 2The most important thing which will need the veterinary expertise support to carry out will be the artificial insemination. During this process the sperms of a thoroughbred horse will be placed in to a reproductive tract of a Delft pony. The knowledge of the oestrous cycle (Figure 2) of the mare will indicate when the mare is ready for breeding. Normally ovulate every 3 weeks during the natural breeding season. To do the artificial insemination successfully one must identify the fertilizing period of the mare accurately. Picture 5This cycle will be control by the hormones released by the pituitary glands. Mares will start its oestrous cycle at the puberty, which is normally 1 ½ years from birth. After that they are suitable for use for the reproduction. During the artificial insemination process (Picture 5) more than one mare has to be bred to increase the next generation live stock. Artificial insemination will be done by a veterinary surgeon and all the required veterinary procedures will be adopted.E:No 35 JC SCDelft picai.jpg The Pregnancy. This will be the period that the foetus  [6]  is developing within the mares uterus. Special requirement to care for the mare during this period is essential specially giving the proper nutrition. The period from the fertilization to birth is known as gestation period. This period is normally 333 to 336 days (11 calendar months) for a mare but it may vary for thoroughbreds as 310 to 374 days. Also environmental factors and nutrition of the foetus may change the length of the pregnancy. Figure 3The pregnant mare will have to be checked periodically by a veterinary surgeon to asses and to check the proper growth of the foetus. This will enable to identify disorders of the foetus if any. The development of the foetus during the pregnancy is given in the following diagram (Table 2). It elaborates how the foetuses develop inside the womb with the time up to the birth. Day of Pregnancy Primary Development 1 24 hours after conception, the conceptus, i.e. the combination of egg and sperm, start to divide into two cells. This cell division continues into 4,16,32,64, ect. 6 The dividing cell bundle arrives in the uterus and at the same time breaks open its outer layer and hatches 18 Fetus now takes on C shape. Gut tube developing and umbilical cord is identifiable 23 All the basic body structures, neural tube (central nervous system and brain), pharynx, gut tube and major muscle block are present in a basic from 26 Forelimb bud and eye now evident 40 Nostrils seen, ears forming, all limbs are present, and elbow and stifle joints are discernible 45 External genitalia present 63 Eyelids fused while eye development continues. Sole and frog areas of hoof evident 120 Chin hair and eyelashes growing 180 Tail and mane present 320- 355 Birth of a well developed foal that is capable of walking 20 minutes after birth Table Birth of the foal. Before the foaling process the mare will be separated from the other ponies in order to ensure the safety of the foal  [7]  . Delivery will be encouraged naturally under supervision of a veterinary surgeon. A healthy foal can walk within 20 minutes after the birth and it has to be cared and kept separate from the other ponies for safety until it grows 4 weeks. After 4 weeks it will start to eat hay, grass and grain. After 10 weeks it needs more nutrition than the mares milk. When the foal completes one year it is called as a Yearling  [8]  and sometimes called as colt for male horses and filly for female horses who are from one to four years of age. Though the filly is suitable for use for the reproduction after 1 ½ years, due to abnormalities that can occur in mares animals at the age of four or more will be used for the reproduction in upgrading process. This same process has to be done to few other ponies to get maximum number of  ½ bred horses to be used for the next generation reproduction. Mainly the fillies have to be taken care of for the next generation reproduction and they have to be kept away from other stallions to avoid unnecessary pregnancies. Continuing this process for three generations will allow to rare 7/8 breed as given in the figure 4. The fourth generation of breeding will be a thoroughbred with Delft pony genes. The total of average reproduction time and the time the fillies utilized for the next generation reproduction is given in the following diagram (Table 3). Time Reproduction process 1 Year 1 Month To transfer from fillies to mare 4 Years Total 5 Years 1 Month Table Problems faced. The main problem that can face is the time duration that will take place for the linebreeding with artificial insemination. As per the Table 3, it will take more than 5 years to complete the first step up to the half bred horse. To achieve 7/8 bred stage will take 15 years and the thoroughbred more than 20 years. Problems may arise during obtaining authority for such a project from the relevant authorities since the wild ponies belong to the wild life department and to obtain and transport them for breeding has to be done with their authority. And the breeding process will be required to have the patronage of a permanent or a frequent visiting veterinary surgeon which will incur a very high cost. Unavailability of the qualified horse handlers in the country will be another serious problem. To care off more than 10-15 horses will require a staff of nearly 5 men who are trained on the subject. Although Artificial insemination is a proven technique in the world for breeding, this method will be used for the first time in the country for this particular animal. There are no references on artificial insemination for horse breeding in the country to refer during this project.  ½ Bred 3/4 Bred 7/8 Bred Figure 4 CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS Since the only major project which was done in 80s was destroyed completely and not any private horse breeder have done this project properly according to the scientific requirements, there are no proof to be shown as the project can be really succeed. According to the horse breeding manuals  [9]  and as per the veterinary experts it is possible to develop a new breed using Delft pony and thoroughbred horse. The mixing of genes with a thoroughbred will increase the height of the new offspring and by the fourth generation they will grow beyond 14.5 Hands and will changed the category from pony to horse. The whole programme will be dependent on the blood type of the Delft pony. If it carry cold blood, the expectation on developing a thoroughbred will be much more difficult, time consuming and more costly. But as per the expertise such as Mr Ajith Chitty confirm that they do not belong to cold blood type (No any scientific proof). As per the table 3 it will take more than 20 years to complete four reproduction steps to achieve the thoroughbred horse with Delft pony genes. And since it is done through line breeding, during the third and fourth breeding it will not be practical to find out semen (sperms) of same donor stallion. But during third and fourth breeding using another stallion that is related to the first donor stallion will help out to increase the gene pool of the offspring. As the equestrian activities are very limited among the Sri Lankans the sample taken for the questionnaire was very narrow, but the qualifications, experience and the knowledge on the subject of the sample taken was very high. According to the questionnaire (Annex A) distributed among the sample the following results were obtained. Table Table Table CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION Since there are no any past records of a project of this nature, this proje